Objective: Outbreaks of nosocomial infections in extreme conditions result in morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis (s. epidermidis) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) outbreaks and, the associated predisposing factors in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 29 cases of nosocomial infection by S. epidermidis, and 33 neonates with A. baumannii in NICU of Valiasr hospital, a tertiary hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2014 and 2017 (within a 45-month period). The medical and demographic information documented by the hospital registry system was used for analyzing. Results: The trend of A. baumannii infection in various years as followed: 1 infection in 2014, 11 in 2015, 20 in 2016 and 1 in 2017. These amounts in S. epidermidis were 7 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 11 in 2016, and 4 in 2017. Mortality proportion (%) in neonates with S. epidermidis and A. baumannii infection was at 8.3 and 32.1, respectively (P-Value=0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between number of infected neonates (A. baumannii and S. epidermidis) in month and average of prescribed antibiotics before incidence of nosocomial infection in every baby in that month (P-Value< 0.003). Fluconazole prescription before incidence of nosocomial infection were associated with the A. baumannii infection in month too (P-Value= 0.04). Amikacin prescription had adjusted correlation on increasing of A. baumannii and E. epidermidis infection in month. Conclusion: It seems hospitalization duration and medication prescriptions management plays an important role in reducing the outbreaks of nosocomial infections

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections  in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a period of 8 years. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 46 cases of nosocomial infection by S. epider- midis, and 44 neonates with A. baumannii in NICU of Valiasr hospital, Iran. Results: The trend of A. baumannii and S. epidermidis infection were as follows: 1 and 7 in 2014, 11 and 7 in 2015, 20 and 11 in 2016, 1 and 4 in 2017, 4 and 6 in 2018, 4 and 4 in 2019, 0 and 1 in 2020, and 3 and 6 in 2021-March 2022 respectively. Mortality proportion (%) in neonates with S. epidermidis and A. baumannii infection was at 8.3 and 32.1, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between number of infected neonates in month and average of prescribed antibiotics before incidence of infection in every baby in that month. Fluconazole prescription before incidence of infection were associated with the A. baumannii infection in month too. Amikacin prescription had adjusted correlation on increasing of A. baumannii and S. epidermidis infection in month. Conclusion: It seems reducing of hospitalization duration and medication prescriptions management plays an important role in reducing of nosocomial infections

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