The objective of this research is to explore experimentally the impact of using (Al+Al2O3/distilled water hybrid Nano fluid) as the working fluid on the thermal efficiency of the evacuated tube solar collector with inner cylindrical coil within the vertical tank. The nanoparticles volume fraction was 1,3 and 5 % with the( 50 nm) dimension of nanoparticles. The performance of the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) utilizing (Al+Al2O3) hybrid Nano fluid and water was compared to the flow rate within the coil ranged from 15, 30 and 45 l/h.rm2. The results of the current research showed that the highest effectiveness of the solar collector 24.89% for mass flow rate of Nano fluid 45 l/hr.m2 and nanoparticles volume fraction of 5% vol. Findings show that (Al+ Al2O3) hybrid nanofluids could be utilized in an ETSC as working liquids to absorb heat from solar radiation and effectively transform solar energy into thermal energy.

This research revealed control on nanofluid temperature in the evacuated tube solar collector system, where nanofluid used in ETSC as working fluid to increase heating system thermal efficiency. Smart curtain was used to shadow the evacuated tube solar collector in heating or cooling conditions to control the temperature of the nanofluid. Moreover, (PSO based PID) controller which is an artificial intelligence method was ‎applied to control on the shadow the evacuated tube solar collector. Where the curtain's main idea is to control the polarization of the sun's radiation, the work of the curtain refers to the parameters: the first parameter is the nano fluid temperature and the second is the ambient temperature, and one output parameter is defined by (distance parameter).

In this paper, for two separate half-breed Nano liquids, Ag (25nm) + refined water and Ag (50nm) + Zn (50nm)-refined water tentatively considered at the vehicle radiator, the execution of restricted convection. Four distinct cross-breed Nano liquid concentrations in the range of 2-6 vol %. The increase of half breed nanoparticles into the refined water as a base liquid was organized by percentage. Within the range of 20 l/min-60 l /min, the coolant flow rate is altered. Inside the warm trade, Crossover Nano coolants show colossal change compared to the refined water. Ag-refined water cross breed Nano liquid's warm exchange execution was found to be much better than Ag + Zn-refined water half breed Nano coolant. In addition, with the rise in the concentration of half breed nanoparticle and half breed Nano fluid velocity, the Nusselt number is found to expand. In the advancement of the warm exchange rate, Mono and hybrid nanofluid forms play a very important role in enhancing the heat transfer and refrigeration of car radiators. With an increase in concentration of half-breed nanoparticles for the primary form about 44 percent warm exchange transition, expansion of 6 vol percent crossover nanoparticles were achieved with the rate of warm exchange. In comparison to the current form of cross breed nanoparticles, with an expansion of 6 percent vol concentration, 22 percent extended. The exergy in flow, exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of mono nanofluid (Ag +Dw) are greater than hybrid nanofluid (Ag + Zn + Dw) and distilled water. The exergy inflow, exergy destruction, and exergy efficiency as the concentration of nanoparticles increases for the two forms of mono and hybrid nanofluid. The values parameters of the mono nanofluid (Ag + Dw) such as exergy in flow, exergy destruction and exergy efficiency at 6 vol% were 572 W, 460 W, 72% respectively while in hybrid nanofluids (Ag + Zn + Dw) were 420W, 282W, 51%. The use of mono and hybrid nanofluid as a working fluid results in higher efficiency of heat transfer, which promotes the performance of the car engine and decreases fuel consumption.

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