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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians particularly in developing countries. Current knowledge on antimicrobial resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the present study was to identify the causative organisms for UTI and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms causing UTI. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from a period of January 2014 to December 2014. Results: Out of 2136 clinical sample of urine, 430 (20.1%) showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the commonest urinary pathogen (76.3%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (7.9%), Proteus spp. (7.2%), Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp. (1.9% each) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.6%). Isolated uropathogens showed highest resistance for Amoxycillin (86%-97%) and Cefradin (71%-100%), resistance rate for other commonly used antimicrobial agents was high; Cefixime (52%-85%), Ceftriaxone (50%-71%), Ciprofloxacin (50%-88%), Cotrimoxazole (50%-75%), Gentamicin (57%-75%) and Nitrofurantoin (43%-100%), while uropathogens were least resistant to Imipenem (0%-15%) and Amikacin (0%-29%). Conclusion: Due to high degree of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials to treat UTI, routine monitoring and evaluation studies should be conducted to update physicians’ knowledge about most effective antibiotics for treatment of UTI. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 13-18

Background: The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogenic bacteria is varied with different frequency. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity against uropathogens isolated from a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka City. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh during period of January 2016 to December 2016. Among 307 consecutive urine samples were collected from patients of UTI in the microbiology laboratory. Samples were mid-stream urine specimens obtained by clean catch method received from various outpatient departments and inpatient wards were transported to the microbiology laboratory in sterile leak proof container were processed immediately. Bacteria were isolated and identified by standard laboratory procedure. Results: Of the 307 urine samples processed 170(55.4%) gave significant growth of pathogens. The prevalence of UTI is high among females (58.2%) than males (41.8%). The commonest isolates were Escherichia coli (71.2%), Pseudomonas (12.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.6%), Acinotobactor (4.1%) and Klebsiella (1.8%). Majority (92.4%) of (uropathogens) isolates were found to be MDR. Conclusion: The study revealed that E. coli is the predominant uropathogens of UTIs.

Background: The emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has highlighted the need for early accurate detection and drug susceptibility. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Methodology: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and National Institute of Chest Disease & Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka during the period of January 2014 to December 2014 for a period of 1 (one) year. Sputum samples from suspected MDR-TB patients were collected by purposive sampling technique from OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) and NIDCH. Microscopy, liquid culture in liquid MGIT 960 media and GeneXpert MTB/RIF were done for MTB diagnosis and detection of rifampicin resistance. MGIT 960 media were also used for determination of drug resistance. Result: Liquid culture yielded higher growth (68%) from 100 samples while GeneXpert MTB assay showed similar result * Corresponding author. H. Jahan et al. 56 (67% positive and 33% negative). Drug susceptibility test in MGIT 960 media showed that out of 68 positive cases Rifampicin resistant cases were 15 (22.05%) whereas GeneXpert MTB assay detected 14 (20.89%) were Rifampicin resistant out of 67 MTB positive samples. When compared to liquid culture the calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy of GeneXpert MTB were 98.52%, 100%, 96.96%, 100% and 99%. Conclusion: GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is high detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Increased postoperative levels of Troponin I (TnI) after Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG) surgery can often be observed in patients in the absence of significant perioperative hemodynamic instability or any evident intra-operative technical problems or signs of graft failure. A study undertaken by Biancari and his collegues (2012) found that Red Blood Cell transfusion was associated with increased TnI release after elective OPCABG1. Serum TnI level is an established indicator of myocardial injury. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2015 to December 2016 to assess whether intraoperative and immediate postoperative Whole Blood Transfusion resulted in increased release of TnI after isolated OPCABG operation.Materials & Methods: A total of 40 patients (34 males and 6 females) undergoing OPCABG were consecutively enrolled in the study, 20 patients in the transfusion recipient group and 20 patients in the non-transfusion recipient group. The groups were compared for pre-operative baseline characteristics and co-morbidities, per-operative techniques and events, and postoperative or end-point variables including Postoperative TnI level measured 12 hours at the end of surgery and a number of other clinical outcomes.Results: Both transfusion recipient and non-transfusion recipient groups had statistically indifferent baseline characteristics, co-morbidity counts, operative techniques and operative events. No significant difference (p = 1.000) was noted in case-counts with increased Postoperative TnI level between the groups (85% in the transfusion recipient group versus 90% in the non-transfusion recipient group). All other clinical outcomes were also found to be similarly distributed with no statistical difference between the groups.Conclusion: In contrast to Red Blood Cell transfusion in several other studies, perioperative Whole Blood transfusion was not associated with increased postoperative Troponin I (TnI) release after isolated offpump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) operation.University Heart Journal Vol. 13, No. 2, July 2017; 55-58