This paper presents the results of three-dimensional ®niteelement analyses of circular foundations on the surface of homogeneous, purely cohesive soil. The foundations were assumed to adhere fully to the soil, and compressive, tensile and shear stresses may develop at the interface between the footing and the soil. The predicted ultimate response of the foundations to combined vertical, moment and horizontal loading was compared with other available theoretical predictions. A three-dimensional failure locus is presented for these foundations, based on the numerical predictions. An equation that approximates the shape of the failure locus is also suggested, and this provides a convenient means of calculating the bearing capacity of circular foundations on a uniform clay and subjected to combined loading.
Cette communication présente les résultats d'analyses aux éléments finis tridimensionnelles de semelles circulaires sous différentes combinaisons de charge vertical, charge horizontale et moment. Le sol est supposé être uniforme et homogène, et se déformer dans des conditions non drainées. Ces études portent également sur les performances des fondations en présence de moments de basculement de grande envergure, et de charges horizontales importantes. Le contact entre le sol et la semelle rigide n'est pas en mesure de supporter la tension ; on prévoit, par conséquent, un dégagement pour le détachement sous l'effet de moments de basculement de grande envergure. Les résultats de ces analyses sont présentés sous forme de point de rupture dans l'espace de charge verticale, horizontale, et du moment. On effectue une comparaison entre les résultats de l'analyse en cours, et on utilise une simple méthode utilisée fréquemment dans le calcul de la force portante des fondations. Il est démontré qu'alors que l'hypothèse d'une largeur effective de la semelle fournit une bonne approximation des effets de l'excentricité de la charge, la méthode conventionnelle, elle, surestime les effets de l'inclinaison de la charge pour les combinaisons de charge avec une composante de cisaillement horizontal de grande envergure. La présente communication introduit un nouveau facteur que l'on peut utiliser pour décrire de façon plus précise les effets de l'inclinaison de la charge, lorsqu'il est utilisé avec la simple méthode de calcul de la force portante.
The simplified procedures for evaluation of the earthquake-induced displacement in earth and rockfill dams are widely used in practice. These methods are simple, inexpensive, and substantially less time consuming as compared to the complicated stress–deformation approaches. They are especially recommended to be used as a screening tool, to identify embankments with marginal factor of safety, assuming that these methods always give conservative estimates of settlements. However, recent studies show that application of these methods may not be conservative in some cases, especially when the tuning ratio of a dam is within a certain range. In this paper, the fundamental theory behind the simplified methods is critically reviewed. A case in which the results of the simplified methods are reportedly nonconservative is investigated in detail and possible reasons are discussed. The reliability of the simplified methods is examined here based on the existing thresholds proposed in the literature and accounting for the embankment geometry and type, and for the seismic activity characterization, and a practical framework is proposed accordingly. The effectiveness of this framework is evaluated in the study of seismic behaviour of a rockfill dam where all simplified procedures failed to predict the order of deformation experienced by the dam under a recent earthquake event.
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