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AbstractThroughout this paper, the progressive collapse of steel structure with dual system is studied by considering the removing column scenario. Due to this objective, two lateral load resisting systems are modeled in ABAQUS software with omitting various columns, and the performance of systems against progressive collapse are compared with each other. The results of performed finite element simulations represent that whenever a structure is experiencing an unusual external load such as collision of a vehicle, the most critical columns are those placed at the nearest external frame of the structure. Thus, these members should be considered as highly important members because they could play a significant role in progressive collapse potential reduction as key members.

This study presents a step-by-step framework process/general guideline for the process of project evaluation, identify, document, and evaluate the existing pavement conditions plus evaluate the most feasible maintenance/rehabilitation alternatives for flexible roads. The presented framework could be significantly useful for extending the service life of the pavement, based on their accurate time of application. The presented framework consists of six classified steps to evaluate the existing condition of the pavement, assessing the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance or rehabilitation techniques by conducting Life Cycle Cost Analysis and selecting feasible alternative techniques according to distress types in the flexible pavements. As of the framework, four existing pavements located in Livingston parish in the state of Louisiana have evaluated in detail. Finally, at least two feasible alternatives have suggested for each subsection roads and most cost-effective alternative techniques scored according to assigned weighting factors. Although Different strategies are using by various highway agencies to evaluate the strategy of selection of the appropriate alternative, which is different in the details, the proposed framework could evaluate the uncertainties associated with infrastructure conditions plus determining the optimal inspection, maintenance, and rehabilitation decision policies. This study presents that Micro-surfacing and thin overlay techniques found the most common techniques for the case studies sections, which are according to the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development common treatment selection strategy.

34www.ijeas.org  Abstract-In this study, the seismic behaviour of the concrete shear wall considering the opening with different shapes and constant cross-section has been studied, and for this purpose, several shear walls are placed under the increasingly non-linear static analysis (Pushover). These case studies modelled in 3D Abaqus Software, and the results of the ductility coefficient, hardness, energy absorption, added resistance, the final shape, and the final resistance are compared to shear walls without opening.