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The effects of thermal (autoclave and microwave irradiation (MW)) and thermo-chemical (autoclave and microwave irradiation – assisted NaOH 5N) pretreatments on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation, biogas and methane production of anaerobic digestion kitchen waste (KW) were investigated in this study. The modified Gompertz equation was fitted to accurately assess and compare the biogas and methane production from KW under the different pretreatment conditions and to attain representative simulations and predictions. In present study, COD solubilisation was demonstrated as an effective effect of pretreatment. Thermo-chemical pretreatments could improve biogas and methane production yields from KW. A comprehensive evaluation indicated that the thermo-chemical pretreatments (microwave irradiation and autoclave- assisted NaOH 5N, respectively) provided the best conditions to increase biogas and methane production from KW. The most effective enhancement of biogas and methane production (68.37 and 36.92 l, respectively) was observed from MW pretreated KW along with NaOH 5N, with the shortest lag phase of 1.79  day, the max. rate of 2.38 l·day^–1 and ultimate biogas production of 69.8 l as the modified Gompertz equation predicted.

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Despite fossil fuels, the energy supply from biogas process is of renewable energy resources; this kind of energy can be generated in all parts of the world. Thus, the potential of anaerobic co-digestion for production of methane from wastes of an industrial slaughterhouse and fruit and vegetable center in the Hamadan city, west of Iran, was investigated. The digester was operated under the mesophilic (35 -37°C) condition for a period of 40 days with 3 different C/N ratios (20/1, 30/1 and 40/1). Before operation of digester, the amounts of C and N in the wastes were measured and during the experiments pH and composition of the biogas were determined. The cumulative amounts of the generated total biogas and methane at the 3 examined C/N ratios 20/1, 30/1 and 40/1 were, respectively 181, 201.7 and 162.5 L and 129.8, 149.2 and 114 L. The results indicated that the highest contents of biogas and methane (201.68 and 149.29 L, respectively) were obtained at C/N of 30 within 31 days.

Abstract:In this study, the physical properties of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) seed have been investigated. The average length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter values in 54% of moisture content of gilaburu seed were between 6. 56 and 8.44 mm, 6.24 and 8.57