No abstract

Digital Twins (DTs) have received considerable attention as an emerging technology in recent years, which can offer advantages for improving the performance of infrastructures. However, the inherent complexity of infrastructures alongside the nascent nature of digital twins in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry hinders the adoption of infrastructure digital twins (IDTs). The lack of common understanding among different stakeholders has been noted as one of the most significant roadblocks to implementing IDTs in practice. This study is a quantitative attempt to address this gap by providing different stakeholders with a multi-layer knowledge map by analyzing 139 identified IDTs in three levels of bibliometric and social network analyses. First, knowledge themes are extracted from the most-frequent journals to provide an overview of IDT knowledge. Second, a combination of co-citation analysis and social network theories illustrated six clusters of IDT knowledge and their relationships. Third, the co-occurrence network of keywords revealed where, why, and what enabling technologies have been employed so far. These findings were synthesized into a three-layer knowledge map to not only illustrate the maturity level and evolution potentials of each layer but also serve as a hierarchical strategic plan recommending future direction to decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners.INDEX TERMS Bibliometric analysis, civil infrastructures, digital twins, knowledge map, systematic review.

Building energy performance contracts have emerged as a highly effective strategy for reducing energy consumption in both developed and developing markets. These projects inherently involve risks, and a comprehensive risk analysis can greatly enhance their successful implementation, especially in emerging markets. This research aims to analyze risks associated with building energy performance projects, considering their interrelationships, prioritization, and the ranking of optimal project types based on the analyzed risks. Given its position as the largest electrical energy consumer in the Middle East and its status as an emerging market, Iran was selected as the case study for conducting the risk analysis. Thirteen risk factors were classified into four distinct risk groups, and their relationships and priority weights were determined using a hybrid DANP approach. Subsequently, the VIKOR method was employed to rank the most-advantageous project types based on their risk priorities. The findings of this research identified project lifecycle risks as the highest-priority risks, while external risks were determined to be the most-influential among all identified risks. Moreover, the implementation of packaged public projects was identified as the most-favorable alternative for promoting building energy performance projects in Iran and similar emerging markets. By providing a comprehensive understanding of risks, this study offers valuable insights that can aid emerging and developing markets in successfully implementing energy performance projects and improving overall energy efficiency.