PurposeThe present study aims to assess the effect of managerial entrenchment on firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and financial performance in Iran.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the variable of managerial entrenchment, which includes board independence, management duality, management tenure, the board compensation, independence and ownership percentage, is initially analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis method, and its effect on performance and CSR is evaluated using the multivariable regression test. Given that a total of 103 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange are selected during 2012–2017. In this paper, return on assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q are the two variables to measure financial performance.FindingsThe results of hypotheses testing indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between managerial entrenchment and financial performance based on the ROA and Tobin’s Q indices, separately. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that there is also a positive and significant relationship between managerial entrenchment and CSR activities.Originality/valueThe current study almost is the first study, conducted in a developing country similar to Iran, and the provided results might be beneficial to other developing countries.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of earnings management (EM) on the reputation of family and non-family firms in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach Data of variables under study are gathered from audited financial statements disclosed through official websites of firms Tehran Stock Exchange market using the multiple regression model for 156 firms during a five-year period (2012–2016). Two hypotheses are developed for achieving the objectives of the study. To analyze the data, a panel data model through Stata Software is applied. F-Limer and Hausman test are employed to modify the appropriate fitting regression model. Also, basic hypotheses of each model are implemented using the White and Hadri tests. Findings The obtained results suggest a negative and significant relationship between discretionary accrual (DA) management and the reputation of family firms. Furthermore, it is found that there is a significant and negative relationship between real accrual management and the reputation of family firms, and subsequently, there is a significant and negative relationship between DA management and non-family firms, and there is a significant and negative relationship between real EM and the reputation of non-family firms. Originality/value In this study, due to focus on the effect of reputation and special methods of authorities on family and non-family firms and EM, a number of firms which contribute to the literature of the field are proposed.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine whether the incremental difference between the actual level of cash from the optimal amount (excess and insufficient cash) to the abnormal amount of cash (abnormal positive and negative changes in cash) leads to an increase in audit fees. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the main purpose of this study, first, the authors, respectively, estimate the optimal cash flow and the normal (optimal) changes in cash by Oler and Picconi (2014) and Bates, Kahle and Stulz (2009) models for each period. In this regard, financial information of 116 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange is selected during the period 2011-2016. Findings The results of this investigation indicate that holding an excessive amount of cash than optimal size and audit fees are negatively associated. Moreover, it is documented that abnormal changes in cash flow and audit fees are not significantly associated. Originality/value The outcomes of the current study contribute to providing an accurate estimation to determine audit fees in emerging markets.