Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics are widely used for fixed dental prostheses and dental implants. Various primers have been introduced to enhance the bonding strength of zirconia crowns. The aim of current study was to analyze the effects of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) primers on the shear bond strength between zirconia crowns and resin cement were assessed. The total sample size included 90 samples of Y-TZP ceramic surfaces. Samples in group I were abraded with aluminum oxide. Samples in groups II and III were abraded and primed with the zirconia and Z-PrimePlus MDP primers, respectively. Group IV samples did not undergo any treatment or application. Group V and VI samples did not undergo any abrasion but were primed with zirconia and Z-PrimePlus MDP primers, respectively. Prior to bonding of the resin cement, the primers were applied for 1 min and air-dried. Then, Clearfil SA luting self-adhesive resin cement was coated onto the zirconia crowns. The highest bond strength was achieved in group III, followed by group II, and group IV exhibited the lowest bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and adhesive resin cement. Therefore, the application of MDP primers yielded greater bond strength between Y-TZP ceramics and adhesive resin cement, compared with the group without the use of primers.