Research recently completed for a large international craft union provided the opportunity for an empirical assessment of functional job analysis (FJA) as a method for developing job-related performance standards. Based on content-oriented test development procedures, work sample tests were developed to measure operator achievement of these training standards. According to the results the tests significantly differentiated between skill levels of operating engineers in which the significant criterion factor was the degree of independence and autonomy the operator could be permitted in doing the work. FJA proved to be a useful technique for defining the work of operating engineers so that the knowledges, skills and abilities required can be easily communicated to the courts and the public.THE International Union of Operating Engineers, in collaboration with contractors, conducts a national apprentice training program at some 75 training centers operated by local unions throughout the United States.' During the early 19703, class action suits initiated by individuals were brought against several union locals charging racial discrimination in selection for apprenticeship training. Among the charges were these: the high school diploma required, language and mathematics requirements of qualification tests, and the length of apprenticeship (4 years) were either irrelevant to the work or unnecessary to achieve competence. The work of the operating engineer, it was charged, was much simpler than was claimed by the union and could be learned in a much shorter period of time.In view of the inadequacy of data to deal with these charges, the ' Operating engineers are operators of heavy equipment, usually with moving machines, such as bulldozers, loaders, scrapers, backhoes, graders, and the like. 1

Albuquerque, NM 87185Sumrnmary Packaged LSI and hybrid devices used in high reliability military and space applications must pass a rigorous series of screens defined by Method 5004 of Mil Standard 883B. One of ;these screens is the Particle Impact Noise Detection (PIND) test. This test uses a very sensitive acoustic transducer to listen for particles within the package while the package is vibrated and shocked. We have used SEM, EDAX, and optical microscopy to analyze the particles from PIND failures.From these analyses we have identified the primary sources of PIND failures and have developed procedures that yield a low reject rate at PIND test.The device used in this investigation was a 1 K RAM die eutectically attached to a 24-pin leadless hermetic package (LHP). The package is solder sealed in a belt furnace with a gold-tin eutectic preform and a gold-plated cover.We have recovered the particles from PIND test failures by placing lead tape over a punched hole in the gold plated Kovar lid.The package is then vibrated until the particles pass through the hole and are attached to the adhesive on the tape.From the analyses we have identified many sources of particles that cause PIND test failures; the main source being the gold-tin solder preform used in the sealing process. We have investigated the effect of sealing materials, furnace temperature, furnace ambient, and package orientation on the number of gold-tin solder spheres.The best results were obtained with a nonoxidizing furnace ambient with the packages placed lid down and angled at 45 degrees during sealing. These improved assembly processes have lead to PIND test yields of better than 90 percent.

In recent years there has been an Increase in manifestations of unrest or dissent for young people throughout the world against institutions of authority, including the Army. The Research Analysis Corporation has undertaken a study with Institutional Research funds-to examine the nature of dissent and the characteristics of dissidents in the Army, and then to examine Army practices, procedures, and customs to learn whether or how they might be related to expressions of dissent. Volume I in the report of this study developed methodology for examining the problem of dissent on an analytical basis. This report goes on to further refine the scaling of dissident activities and to examine servicemen's opinions about Army practices and procedures-likes, dislikes, and suggestions for change. Surveys of stratified random samples of servicemen in grades El through colonel were conducted at six major installations in CONUS. Analysis of the survey results permits suggestions as to emphases in programs and practices which might serve to improve servicemen's regard for Army service. , R. WILLIAM RAE Acting Head Public Communications and Safety Department iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS II 11 Summary 1 Objectives (l)-Facts (l)-Rrocedure and Findings (2)-Concluding Remarks (3) Abbreviations 8 Introduction 9 Problem (9)-Objectives (10)-Background (10) The Survey Instrument 13 Description (13)-The Sample (15)-Coding of Responses (l6)-Analysis of Survey Data (20) Results 21 Part I-Likes (21)-Part II-Dislikes (30)-Parts III and IV-Rroposed Improvements (32)-Part V-Reenlistment Potential (Ul)-Potential Dissidents (1*9) Concluding Remarks 57 Appendixes A. Nature of Dissidence 6l B. Coding Rationale for Opinion Survey 83

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