Background: Immediately after birth, the newborn should be placed in Skin-to-Skin Contact (SSC) with their mothers for at least an hour, and mothers should be assisted to initiate breastfeeding their newborns within the first half-hour. Objective is to explore the effect of skin-toskin contact between mothers and newborns at birth on temperature, oxygen saturation, and initiation of breast feeding. Method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized on the current study. Sample and setting: 300 mothers and their newborns were included as purposive sample in the delivery room at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics and Minia General Hospital. They divided randomly into two groups 150 for skin-to-skin contact (the study group) and 150 for the routine care (the control group). Tools: Data collection requires only one tool including four parts formed up a structured interview questionnaire: Part (1), assessed the personal and obstetric data of the mothers' Part (2) assessed the newborns data. Part (3) assessed the newborns auxiliary temperature, oxygen saturation, time of initiating breast feeding and duration of the first breast fed lastly Part (4) assessed the LATCH breastfeeding assessment tool.Results: There was increase in axillary temperature stability, increase oxygen saturation SO2 more than 90% among newborns after birth, decreasing mean time to initiate breast feeding and increasing mean duration of the first breast fed among the skin-to-skin contact group than the routine care group. Conclusion: early skin-to-skin contact immediately after newborns birth led to auxiliary temperature stabilization, increase oxygen saturation more than 90%, early successful initiation of breast feeding and increasing the duration of the first breastfed.Recommendations: Continuous educational and training program concerning benefits and practice of SSC among health personnel is necessary. All stable newborns born at term via normal delivery should practice skin-to-skin contact soon after birth for at least the first primary hours of life with continual observation of mothers and newborns during early SSC.

Background:The most often recommended medications for kids are antibiotics, although sadly many of them have the potential to cause diarrhoea that is connected with antibiotic use. An AAD is a most pediatric problem in both inpatient as well as outpatient settings. Probiotics are substances found in some meals and supplements that may help cure AAD. Because of this, the aim of present research is to: evaluate the effect of probiotic yogurt to traditional yogurt on the treatment of AAD in young patients receiving antibiotics. Design: A quasi experimental research design. Setting: The research was carried out at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Paediatrics (MUHOP) and Misr El-Hora General Hospital which are associated with the Ministry of Health and Population in the paediatric medical ward and PICU. Sample: A purposeful sample of 150 children was randomly assigned to one of three groups (probiotic yogurt, traditional yogurt, and control). Two tools were used: a structured interview questionnaire and an AAD record. Results: The current research found that more than fifty percent of the study and control groups were males, with a mean age of two years. Furthermore, the probiotic yogurt group had the lowest mean frequency and duration of AAD, as well as the lowest percentage of AAD degree, preceded by the traditional yogurt group, and lastly the control group. Conclusion: Probiotic yogurt was useful in the treatment of AAD. Recommendations: Parents and nurses were educated about the necessity and effectiveness of probiotic yogurt and food in the management of AAD.

Background: Children who receive hemodialysis can experience difficulties that might lower their quality of life and that of their mothers. Thus, empowering initiatives based on educational assessment needs will aid in enhancing mothers' knowledge, practice, and the quality of life for their offspring. Because of this, the aim of actual study is to: evaluate the effect of empowerment program on mothers to improve quality of life of their children undergoing hemodialysis on arteriovenous fistula care. Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Setting: this study was conducted in the Pediatric hemodialysis unit at Minia University Hospital for Obstetric and Pediatrics (MUHOP) and Minia General Hospital. Sample: A purposeful sample of 60 mothers and their children. Data collection tools: four tools have been used (1) a structured interview questionnaire sheet (2) mothers' knowledge assessment sheet, (3) observational checklists and (4) the Core Ped QoL questionnaire , version4. Results: These findings showed that the mean score of all mother's knowledge, practices, and children's physical and psychosocial dimensions, as well as the total mean score of children's quality of life in the post-empowerment program were higher than these in the pre-empowerment program, with a highly statistically significant difference. Conclusion: There was an improvement in mothers' knowledge and practice. Also, children QOL was improved and increased after implementation of empowerment program than before. Recommendation: Providing continuous empowerment program for HD children and their mothers and psychosocial and spiritual support for children and families to improve the children's quality of life.

Background: Type I diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition that impacts all part of a patient's life. As a result, stress and fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) can have a severe impact on a patient's mental, physical, and psychological health. Aim: was to evaluate effect of educational program on mothers' knowledge, stress and fear of hypoglycemia and their children glycemic control Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Sample and Setting: was conducted on one hundred mothers who have been selected for the program (pre and post) in pediatric department at General and Health Insurance Hospitals. Tools of data collection: four tools for data collection were used tool (1) An interviewing questionnaire sheet, (2) Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), (3) The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parent (HFS-P) (4) Glycemic control. Results of this study showed that the mean age of mothers was 33.5 ± 20.1, and noticeable improvement in the mothers' knowledge about T1D in post-test than in pre-test, the total mean scores of Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) and The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parent (HFS-P) were alleviated in post-test than in pre-test. while Glycemic control of school age children were better controlled in post-test at 3 and 6 months than in pre-test. So, this study concluded that improving mother's knowledge about T1D, alleviating mothers stress, fear of hypoglycemia, after education program and the children's glycemic control improved after health education program. This research recommended that Future studies are needed to create and improve interventions through educational programs in alleviating stress, fear of hypoglycemia for mothers taking care of children with T1D.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent disorder of posture and movement resulting from brain damage occurring in the baby or young child which could have negative impacts on social behavior of mothers Objective to assess the impacts of educational empowerment program on knowledge, aggression, loneliness, and anxiety of mothers having children with cerebral palsy. Setting; the study conducted in the pediatric department, at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics and General Hospital. Sample, Convenient samples of all available mothers who have been selected for the program pre/post the intervention. Tools: five tools were used for data collection. Tool (1) An interviewer questionnaire, (2) Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BP-AQ), (3) UCLA Loneliness, (4) Scale Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and ( 5) Empowerment scale. Results; the finding of the current study showed that the main age of mothers was 38.2 ± 8.1years and noticeable improvement were detected in the mothers' level of knowledge, aggression, loneliness, and anxiety after implementation of the program based empowerment model compared to the pre assessment. So, the finding of this study concluded that after implementation of the intervention program-based empowerment model, mothers who had children with CP their level of aggression, loneliness and anxiety were alleviated. Recommendions: future researches are needed to develop and refine interventions through program in-order to alleviate aggression, loneliness and anxiety through empowering and engaging mothers in the caring plan of their children with CP.