Background: The pacemaker is a device that placed under the skin of the chest or abdominal to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate and rhythm.

Background: Critically ill patient need a nursing practice that can enhance getting all benefits of enteralfeeding and improving the gastrointestinal function. Gastrointestinal function was gastric residual volume, abdominal distension, vomiting and constipation. Aim: This study aimed to explore the effect of abdominal massage on gastrointestinal function of enteral-feed critical ill patients. Research Design: A Quasi experimental design was used. Setting: the study was conducted at General Intensive Care Units in El Demerdash Hospital Affiliated from Ain Shams University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 Patients who distributed randomly to equal intervention and control groups from the previous mentioned setting. Results: there were statically significant difference between the study group and control group subjects regarding Gastric Residual Volume (GRV)was statistically significant in the 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th days indicating higher GRV among control group. The abdominal circumference between the five days was significantly in the two groups. None of patients in the study group were vomited along the study period (5days) in compared to 5% of control patients without statistical significant differences. Conclusions: The abdominal massage was significantly effective in lowering GRV, preventing distension and avoiding vomiting. Recommendations: the current study recommended that this practice can be applied as a caring procedure in the daily ICU care program.

Background:The patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care. It has been defined as reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with delivery of health care to a minimum as well as the prevention of errors and avoidable adverse events, to protect patients from injury. Aim: This study was conducted to assess nurses' performance regarding patient safety in operating room. Design: A descriptive research design was utilized to meet the aim of the study. Setting: The study was carried out in the General operating rooms at Zagazig University hospitals. Study subject: A Purposive sample included all available nurses working in general operating room, (50 nurses)at zagazig university hospital and agree to participate were recruited in this study. Tools: three tools were used including:-I-Self-administered questionnaire. II-Nurses' level of practice observational checklist. III-Nurses' attitude Likert scale. Results: 74% of studied nurses under the study had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding patient safety in operating room, 54% of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice regarding patient safety in operating room and 96% of studied nurses had positive attitude regarding patient safety in operating room. Conclusion: about three quarters of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding patient safety in operating room. More than half of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice regarding patient safety in operating room. While, the most of studied nurses had a positive attitude regarding patient safety in operating room. Recommendations: On-going and regular in-service educational programs regarding evidence-based guidelines about application of patient safety checklist in the operating room.

Head nurse of ICU (1) . Prof. Dr. M. Surgical (2) . Assist. Prof. Surgical nursing (3) Medical surgical nursing (Critical Care Nursing)