Background and objectives: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disorders associated to the accumulation of microbial biofilm and the response of host to this accumulation. In our society the importance of total WBC counts has not yet been investigated with chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment on total WBC counts in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: A total of 50 subjects were selected for the study. Venous blood samples were taken at base line and 4 weeks after non-surgical periodontal therapy for the study group (group II), and one time for the control group (group I) to estimate total WBC counts. Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing pocket depth, the clinical attachment level for group II were measured. Results: The result of the present study shows a highly significant decrease of total WBC counts between group I and II before treatment P value=0.004. Our results indicate that there is a highly significant decrease of Gingival Index and probing pocket depth at base line compared with after treatment P value=0.003 and 0.000 respectively. Also, a significant decrease in Plaque Index and clinical attachment level at base line and 4 weeks following therapy P value=0.035 and 0.026 respectively. In addition, a significant decrease of total WBC counts at base line and 4 weeks following therapy P value=0.016. Statistical tests were done by standard program data processing (MS excel) paired t test. Conclusion: The present study concludes that total WBC counts were decreased after nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Background and objectives: Smoking is considered a significant risk factor in periodontitis. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease may be affected by alterations of the inflammatory response by smoke. Interleukin-1 (IL-1β), an effective pro-inflammatory cytokine have been associated with the immunopathology of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of IL-1β in saliva from smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Materials and methods: Gingival index, Plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing were assessed in 84 subjects who were equally divided in to three groups. group I periodontally healthy non-smoking subjects ; group II non-smokers with chronic periodontitis; group III smokers with chronic periodontitis; Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was used for quantification of Interleukin (IL)- 1β in the saliva samples. Statistical analysis were performed with SPSS version 22.0. Results: Interleukin-1β level in saliva was significantly higher in smoker than in nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis and the controls (P˂ 0.001). In subjects with chronic periodontitis, a significant correlation existed between CAL and IL-β (r= 0.313, p= 0.052) among non-smokers; there was also a highly significant positive correlation between, CAL and IL-β (r= 0.310, p= 0.051), BOP and IL-β (r= 0.333, p= 0.05) among smokers. Conclusion: Salivary IL-1β level were significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. Smokers with chronic periodontitis exhibited a highly significant increase in salivary IL-1β levels. Hence, this reflects the impact of smoking on immune response and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.