The mass penetration of fifth-generation (5G) technology is already a fact. One of the challenges regarding the implementation of 5G networks in Bulgaria is the problem related to the assessment of electromagnetic exposure and determination of safety zones (SZ). Bulgaria has more restrictive national legislation for the protection of public health from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) than the Recommendation 1999/519/EC [1] and ICNIRP guidelines [2]. The first stage of the implementation of 5G undergoes of the upgrading the existing base stations with new installations. This fact raised many questions about the possibility of the maximal permissible values being exceeded. The method in the national legislation for the theoretical calculation of SZ around telecommunication transmitters is based on a conservative approach. It was clear that applying such a method would lead to unrealistically large SZ and will complicate the realization of planned additional 5G emitters on a particular place. The SZ assessment based on the conventional approach was also a complex task for the previous 3G and 4G technologies, but the situation seems more difficult when existing sites must be upgraded with new 5G installations, especially in the urban areas. The presence of different technologies on a certain base station requires the assessment of combined EMF exposure. The specifics of 5G New Radio (NR), characterized by intelligent technologies such as Massive MIMO (Multi-Input Multiple-Output) and beamforming, should also have to be taken into account in this evaluation process. The paper demonstrates the theoretical calculation of the SZ of an existing base station, which is planned to be upgraded with 5G smart antennas. We modified the current method for determination of the SZ boundary around telecommunication sources, which takes into account the specifics of the 5G technology. The application of this method will make the safety evaluation more realistic and the upgrade of existing base stations with the 5G installations to be possible.

Numerous sources emitting high levels of optical radiation are used for cosmetic purposes, but data available on human health protection differ significantly amongst different countries. The great variety of cosmetics' sources and their application by different population groups are the causes that make this problem an important public health and social issue. The literature review performed by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) shows that legislation of different countries and organizations covers devices considered as medical. There is no such legislation for most of the cosmetic devices. For many optical sources, only technological standards exist that regulate the product's performance. For others, the requirements are set in nonmandatory standards. A serious problem with the human health protection on use of such devices is that their application is a personal choice of the user -the exposure is voluntary. Our country has no policy for this type of optical radiation application except for the workers. A Directive for the protection of workers with similar sources is implemented in EU countries and transposed in Bulgaria, but its application is limited for use in cosmetics. Generally, the legislation covers applications of optical radiation defined as medical treatment only. There are no data on the number and qualifications of staff providing treatment in cosmetics. A policy for safety and health protection in this field is commonly missing for general public protection. Here, in this paper, the problem is addressed to the common sources used for cosmetics purposes (solaria, IPL systems). This article focuses on the common sources used for cosmetic purposes (tanning beds, IPL systems). The specific risks associated with the application of the sources are discussed. Based on the analysis of the problem, а development of specific legislation, corresponding to the specific health risks is proposed. The single data we have from measurements performed in cosmetic studios with sunbeds show increased risk for the personnel and users as well. The aim of the study is to propose development of a policy for health protection on using optical radiation sources for therapeutic and cosmetic applications on the basis of scientific literature and on our own experience.

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