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The authors examined justice perceptions of Taiwanese employees in response to co-workers' punitive events (punishment by a superior). They developed a hypothesis based on Chinese indigenous wu-lun principles and the concept of empathy. Results of the study showed that perceived vertical (between superior and subordinate) and horizontal (between subordinates) relationships jointly affected justice perceptions. Respondents who perceived low (negative) leader-member exchange with the superior and high (positive) liking of the punished person showed the lowest justice perceptions. In conclusion, the authors note that comparative analysis of organizational justice is a promising direction for future research.

The information displayed on a website is a critical factor that affects the cognition of internet users. This study adopted a between‐subjects design to examine the effect of the information design of a website and the involvement of internet users on purchasing cognition. The results indicated significant differences between high‐ and low‐quality diagnostic information on the purchasing cognition of subjects. The subjects had better purchasing cognition when navigating a high‐quality diagnostic information website than when navigating a low‐quality diagnostic information website. In addition, there was a significant interactive effect of different qualities of nondiagnostic information and subject involvement on purchasing cognition. Namely, the subjects who had low involvement had better purchasing cognition when navigating a website with high‐quality nondiagnostic information than when browsing one with low‐quality nondiagnostic information, but there was no significant difference between navigating websites with high‐ and low‐quality nondiagnostic information if the subjects had high involvement.

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