The predictive value of the pretreatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) for head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the predictive value of PNI in HNC patients. A systematic search through internet databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for qualified studies estimating the association of PNI with HNC patient survival was performed. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) data were collected and evaluated. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (pHRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 7815 HNC patients from 14 eligible studies were involved. Pooled analysis showed that low pretreatment PNI was correlated with poor OS (pHR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.62–2.30, p < 0.001), PFS (pHR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.92, p = 0.008), DSS (pHR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.12–3.50, p < 0.001), DFS (pHR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.66–2.91, p < 0.001) and DMFS (pHR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.74–2.38, p < 0.001). Furthermore, low pretreatment PNI was correlated with poor OS despite variations in the cancer site, sample size, PNI cut-off value, analysis method (multivariate analysis or univariate analysis) and treatment modality in subgroup analysis. Elevated pretreatment PNI is correlated with a superior prognosis in HNC patients and could be used as a biomarker in clinical practice for prognosis prediction and treatment stratification.

The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a proven prognostic predictor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in other head and neck cancers remains unclear. This meta-analysis explored the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in head and neck cancers. A systematic search was conducted. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis–free survival. The hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was pooled using a random-effects model. A total of 11 publications from the literature were included, allowing for the analysis of 7080 participants. Data pooling demonstrated that pretreatment C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio had a hazard ratio of 1.88 (95% CI: 1.49−2.37, p < 0.001) for predicting overall survival, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.18−3.08, p = 0.002) for disease-free survival, and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.08−1.96, p = 0.001) for distant metastasis–free survival. Subgroup analysis showed that the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a significant prognostic marker for various head and neck cancers. An elevated pretreatment C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio predicts a worse prognosis for patients with head and neck cancers. Therefore, the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker facilitating treatment stratification.

EPO administration did not significantly increase the risk of ROP of any stage reported or Stage ≥3. Further clinical trials investigating the impact of EPO on ROP in premature infants should include all confounding factors to clarify this important issue.