The aim of this study was to isolate and cultivate protoplasts of the green alga Ulva fasciata Delile and subsequently induce them to form a microthallus suspension for algal seed stock. The protoplasts were covered with secreted mucilage following 6 h of culture when viewed with SEM. The mucilage fused to form thick layers during day 1 of culture. Microfibrillar cell walls were deposited into the thick layers of mucilage on the 5th day of culture. An average of about 10% of the freshly isolated protoplasts began to divide at 6-14 days. These protoplasts subsequently developed varied morphologies, depending on the time of collection during the year. Protoplasts isolated from U. fasciata collected in March to June developed frond thalli or microthalli when they were cultured in low or high densities (cells/area), respectively. The microthallus suspension was cultured for more than two years at 10-40 μmol·m ·s . Frond thalli formed when the suspension was cultivated at 100-160 μmol·m ·s . Therefore, microthallus suspension can serve as a seed stock of U. fasciata.

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With the rapid popularization of mobile devices, the low-power and energy-efficient became far more important than the system operating frequency. This work demonstrates a processor and DRAM integration scheme by TSV-based 3-D stacking and the performance and energy efficiency is evaluated by an ESL design methodology. The integration scheme comprising Sans-Cache DRAM (SCDRAM) architecture which is designed under the power and energy considerations is explored. Experiment results show the proposed architecture can greatly reduce 80% energy while having 23.5% of system performance improvement.