In order to provide high quality services, current communication systems require high‐data transmission rate and good error performance. Because single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) is with the desirable characteristics of orthogonal frequency division multiple access and the low peak‐to‐average power ratio of single‐carrier transmission schemes, it has been adopted as the uplink transmission scheme in 3GPP long‐term evolution to approach the demand for data transmission rates and error performance. By combining multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) techniques with the SC‐FDMA modulation scheme, MIMO SC‐FDMA systems can achieve high data rates over broadband wireless channels. In this paper, we propose the iterative multiuser detection scheme for the low‐density parity‐check‐coded MIMO SC‐FDMA communication systems. On the basis of the property of space‐frequency block coding, we develop the frequency domain minimum mean‐squared error and zero‐forcing equalisers with multiuser interference cancellation technique on each subcarrier to recover the transmitted symbols. Some simulation examples for uplink scenario are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The charge transfer between N3 dyes and TiO2 electrodes has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized at different temperatures to form the compact layer in the photoelectrode. The red shift of the Eg(3) mode of the TiO2 electrode increases with an increase in the synthesis temperature of TiO2 nanoparticles, which is also associated with its vibration mode and conversion efficiency. This indicates that the charge transfer between N3 dyes and the TiO2 electrode reaches optimal when TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized at 190 °C. In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the internal resistance of the cell decreases with an increase in the synthesis temperature, suggesting the improvement of the electron transfer from N3 dyes into the TiO2 electrode at higher synthesis temperature. Herein, we have established a relationship between the red shift of the Eg(3) mode of the TiO2 electrode and the energy conversion efficiency. This demonstrates that the Raman spectroscopic technique is a convenient and useful tool to investigate the charge transfer between N3 dyes into TiO2 electrode and its impact on the performance of DSSC.