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In this paper, a uorescent aptamer sensor was constructed based on the carbon dots and graphene oxide. This sensor combines the excellent uorescence performance of carbon dots with the high speci city of aptamers to detect progesterone with high sensitivity and selectivity. In the absence of progesterone, the carbon dots-aptamer system and graphene oxide form a uorescence resonance energy transfer process(FRET), which quenches the uorescence of the carbon dots. When progesterone is added, the aptamer speci cally binds to progesterone, resulting the uorescence of the carbon dots is recovered. At optimal conditions, the uorescence intensity recovered by the carbon dots has a linear relationship with the concentration of progesterone in the range of 0.1-120 nM, and the detection limit is 3.3×10 -11 M. Besides, the sensor has satisfactory detection results of progesterone in milk, indicating that this method has a enormous potential for application in food safety.