We demonstrate simultaneous red, green, and blue emission from a Yb 3+ −Er 3+ −Tm 3+ tridoped hexagonal β-NaYF 4 microrod, which supports whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonance, to realize white-light lasing under near-infrared excitation at room temperature. This can be done by optimizing the upconversion efficiency and emission intensity balance of the blue, green, and red peaks through the proper tuning of sensitizer (Yb 3+ ) and activator (Er 3+ , Tm 3+ ) concentration in the host matrix. In addition, we minimize the difference of lasing threshold and maintain stable single-mode operation to achieve simultaneous red, green, and blue lasing by optimizing the radius of the hexagonal microrods.

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A fermentative facultative anaerobe, strain HS01 isolated from subterranean sediment, was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDD), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDE) by HS01 was investigated in the presence of goethite and anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonic disodium salt (AQDS). The results demonstrated that HS01 was capable of reducing DDTs, goethite and AQDS. And goethite can significantly enhance the reduction of DDT, DDD and DDE to some extent, while the addition of AQDS can further accelerate the reduction of Fe(III) and DDTs. The products of DDT transformation were identified as a large amount of dominant DDD, and small amounts of 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMU), unsym-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDNU), and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). The results of cyclic voltammetry suggested that AQDS could increase the amounts of reactive biogenic Fe(II), resulting in the enhanced transformation of DDTs. This investigation gives some new insight in the fate of DDTs related to iron- and humic-reducing bacteria.

Considering the large amounts of PAHs emitted into the ambient air in China, it is urgent to take preliminary health risk assessment of citizens through inhalation exposure to PAHs in China. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model was used to get the risk level of Tianjin citizens as an example, and Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to deal with the uncertainty. Exposure analysis found that the average values of B[a]P equivalent (B[a]Peq) daily exposure doses for children in the indoor, traffic and outdoor settings were estimated to be 2,446.8, 478.4, and 321.6 ng day(-1), respectively. And those for adults were 3,344.1, 794.9, and 519.0 ng day(-1), respectively. Much attention must be paid to indoor exposure, as it contributes more than 70% of the B[a]Peq daily exposure dose. ILCR falls within the range of 10(-5)-10(-3), which is higher than the acceptable risk level of 10(-6), and lower than the priority risk level (10(-3)). So this risk should be compared with those of other public health issues in the purpose of risk management. Sensitivity analysis found that the two variables, indoor air PAHs concentration distribution and the cancer slope factor (CSF) of BaP, contribute about 89% of the total risk uncertainty. Thus they are considered as the two main factors influencing the accuracy of the PAHs health risk assessment.

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