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The commonly used donor material poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) confines the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in P3HT-based polymer solar cells due to its relatively large bandgap of $1.9 eV and the resultant limited absorption wavelength region of less than 650 nm. In this communication, the highly efficient up-conversion (UC) material NaYF 4 :2% Er 3+ , 18% Yb 3+ , converting near-infrared radiation into green and red emissions, is introduced into a P3HT/P3HT:[6,6] phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) bulk heterojunction solar cell, referred to as a "bilayer cell", to compensate for the nonabsorbable wavelength region of P3HT. With an optimal UC doping concentration of 11.7% (weight ratio of UC to P3HT) in the P3HT matrix, the short-circuit current density and PCE for UC-doped bilayer cell are as high as 10.89 mA cm À2 and 3.62%, about 16.6% and 10.7% higher than the P3HT/ P3HT:PC 61 BM bilayer cell and 22.4% and 16.4% higher than the standard P3HT:PC 61 BM bulk heterojunction one, respectively, although the fill factor in the UC-doped bilayer cell shows a slight decrease. The research result demonstrates that both the emission and the scattering of UC nanoparticles are beneficial to the enhancement of the solar cell's electrical performances.

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