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Globalization has significantly influenced the economy, ecology, and society during the previous decade. Meanwhile, the green economy has emerged as a critical policy framework for growth and development in developed and developing countries. The current study is an attempt to provide a detailed review on globalization, green economy, and climate challenges to draw some implications. There are disagreements between competing green economic discourses and a variety of definitions, all of which have problems. Recognizing the environmental effects of natural resource depletion and the economic benefits of environmental management are common examples of green economy operationalization. The new study also examines climate change’s impact on the green economy and infrastructure development. The study further considers the role of economic structure to mitigate environmental issues, increase production efficiency, enhance green economy and environmentally friendly technologies. The present study concluded that working toward a green economy helps reduce poverty in the four ways indicated in this study. It also shed a brief light to improves poor people’s access to a healthy and safe environment while increasing human security by preventing or resolving conflicts over land, food, water, and other natural resources.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought several challenges to China's national health services, causing great risks and uncertainties to people's lives. Considering China's huge population and relatively small medical investment and its good performance in the COVID-19 pandemic, this research utilizes the hybrid meta-frontier model to analyze health expenditure efficiencies of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2018 and compares spatial and temporal differences of the efficiencies in regards to regional forward position and national common frontier. The results show an obvious difference in health expenditure efficiency in different provinces along the regional frontier, in which the efficiency gap in the eastern region is the largest. Moreover, the room for improvement in health expenditure efficiency varies from region to region. For the national common frontier, Beijing is the most efficient, while Guizhou is the least. The eastern region owns the most efficient technical level of health expenditure efficiency, and there is a large efficiency distance between it and the western region. The findings offer effective guidance for elevating the expenditure structure and spatial resource allocation of public health and for promoting the equalization of high quality basic medical services.

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