As a kind of important strategic resource, molybdenum (Mo) and its alloys are widely applied in solar cells and 5G radio frequency filters. In order to improve the yield of industrial production, it is important to reduce the nonuniformity of thin-film thickness. We prepared Mo films on CMOS compatible Si/SiO2 wafers through a magnetron sputtering method and systematically investigated the effect of tuning of several process parameters on film thickness nonuniformity and other structural properties, including crystallite size (D), microstrain (ε), and dislocation density (δ). At optimized sputtering power (80 W), chamber pressure (0.4 Pa), argon flow rate (90 sccm), substrate temperature (350 °C), and target–substrate distance (9 cm), the deposited 200 nm-thick Mo films show a unified <110> preferred orientation, and the film thickness nonuniformity reaches an excellent value of 0.46%, with a surface roughness of 0.83 nm and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) (110) rocking curve as low as 0.47°. Our results provide efficient reference for the preparation of uniform metal films, which have potential for improving the quality and yield in filter device manufacturing.

As the photovoltaic performance of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is strongly dependent on the interface between perovskite and electron transport layer. Herein, an attempt to load facile processed ZnO quantum dots (ZQDs) or TiO2 quantum dots (TQDs) into the mp-TiO2 layer via a simple spin-coating method was first performed. Both of them had huge impact on the morphology of perovskite films, leading to larger perovskite grains. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these two kinds of QDs modified cells exhibited a different tendency. The champion PCE of ZQDs modified PSCs was remarkably improved from 14.54% to 17.2%, while that of TQDs modified ones decreased to 11.78%. We demonstrated that the enhanced PCE and short-circuit current (Jsc) were attributed to the enlarged grain size and enhanced light absorption of perovskite film, faster electron extraction and transport as well as less recombination for ZQDs modified PSCs, which mainly resulted from the increased active specific surface area. On the contrary, deterioration of TQDs modified PSCs was exactly ascribed to the aggregation of TQDs which sharply decreased the specific surface area of the electron transport layer. The current work provided an efficient and facile way to improve the photovoltaic performance of mesoscopic PSCs.

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Mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 films with remarkable self-cleaning capability were prepared by Sol–Gel methods and pressureless sintering. Here, the results show that the incorporation of 20 V% SiO2 onto the TiO2 films enhances the performance of anti-fog and self-cleaning. According to the SEM image, it is found that the TiO2 particles are dispersed by the SiO2, thus enlarging the specific surface area of the TiO2 particles. Therefore, super hydrophilicity and self-cleaning performance are promoted. Besides, the mesoporous structure is formed on the surface of the TiO2–SiO2 films after calcination. The mesoporous structure can improve the light utilization efficiency and the surface roughness of the films, thus promoting the performance of super hydrophilicity. Consequently, the mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 composite films as environmentally friendly coatings presented great potential in environmental governance.

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