BackgroundA reduced mouth opening capacity may be one of the first clinical signs of pathological changes in the masticatory system. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to create age related percentiles for unassisted maximal mouth opening capacity (MOC) of healthy children.MethodsAll recordings of MOC as measured at the yearly dental examinations of school children in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, between August 2009 and August 2010 were extracted from the database. The program LMSchartMaker Pro Version 2.43, Huiqi Pan and Tim Cole, Medical Research Council, 1997–2010 was used to calculate age and sex related reference centiles.ResultsRecords from 22′060 dental examinations were found during the study period. In 1286 (5.8%) the maximal interincisal measurement was missing. Another 55 examinations were excluded because of missing data for sex (7), age at examination (11) or because the value was deemed to be pathologically low (37). Thus, a total of 20′719 measurements (10′060 girls, 10′659 boys) were included in the analysis. The median age (range) was 9.9 years (3.3-18.3) for girls and 10.0 years (2.8-18.7) for boys. The mean MOC (range) was 45 mm (25–69) for girls and 45 mm (25–70) for boys. Age related percentiles were created for girls and boys separately, showing the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile from 3 through 18 years of age.ConclusionsIn these 20′719 unselected school children MOC increased with age but showed a wide range within children of the same age.

This comprehensive review will look at the dentinepulp complex and its interaction with the surrounding tissues following TDIs. The literature up to 2020 was reviewed based on several searches on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using relevant terms. In addition to the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this article aims to provide background information with a focus on endodontic aspects and to gather evidence on which a clinician can make decisions on the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth.

A mechanical computerized three-dimensional scanner with a resolution of 1 ixm was used to assess loss of enamel caused by orthodontic bonding and debonding. A total of 2646 measurements was performed on six human premolars. The results showed an average loss of enamel of 7.4 ixm. The range was between 1 and 52 Fm, which may account for discrepancies with earlier studies that measured only a few points per tooth surface. (Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1997;112:666-9.) E v e r since the introduction of the acidetch technique 1 and its use for bonding of orthodontic brackets, there has been discussion among orthodontists regarding the amount of enamel lost as a result of bonding and subsequent debonding. Damage to the enamel can be attributed to tooth cleaning with abrasives before etching, acid-etching, enamel fractures caused by forcibly removing brackets, or mechanical removal of remaining composite with rotary instruments, a'3Remaining composite can be removed from the enamel surface by hand instruments or rotating abrasive tools. Factors such as the time needed for complete removal and potential damage to the enamel are essential to the clinician. The effect of different instruments on the surface of tooth enamel has been the subject of many studies and is therefore well known. 2,4-7 There are, however, few publications concerned with quantification of enamel loss. Zachrisson and Artun 5 concluded from the postoperative presence of perikymata, that the amount of enamel lost was minimal. This conclusion was refuted by Brown and Way, s who could show that even with enamel loss as high as 50 jxm, perikymata could still be observed.Quantitative measurements were performed either by judging the distance between an intraenamel implant and the enamel surface before and after bonding and debonding with a miniaturized boley gaug, 8 or by optical profilometric techniques, a,9 Both

The existing literature gives a solid base for clinical studies with Portland cement in order to replace MTA as an endodontic material. Portland cement could be a substitute for most endodontic materials used in primary teeth.

Background Knowledge obtained at the undergraduate level regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) has an impact on future practice of dentists and paediatric dentists. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess final-year dental students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards MIH in all Swiss universities. Methods A previously utilised survey (in both English and German) was distributed among final-year dental students in all Swiss dental schools (Basel, Bern, Geneva and Zurich). It probed students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding the diagnosis, prevalence, aetiology, and management of MIH, and was structured in two parts: knowledge/perception and clinical application. The students’ responses were analysed statistically with descriptive statistics. Results 113 out of 133 final-year Swiss dental students took part in the study (85%). Nearly all students were familiar with MIH (99%), but only 12% of them felt confident when diagnosing MIH clinically. Direct composite fillings (66%), indirect restorations (28%) and preformed stainless-steel crowns (26%) were chosen as most suitable treatment options for MIH-affected teeth. Conclusion Final-year Swiss dental students are well informed about MIH. However, they report low level of confidence when clinically confronted with MIH-affected teeth regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Swiss Universities curricula should be revisited accordingly.