BACKGROUND: Anemia in pregnancy was one of the national problems. Insufficient iron deposits before pregnancy and inadequate iron intake during pregnancy could lead to iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, followed by iron deficiency in neonates. AIM: This study aimed to assess the molecular relationship of maternal iron deficiency with the function of the neonatal central nervous system to know the cognitive aspects of learning ability of children. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design underwent in RSUP Dr M. Djamil Padang, RSI Ibnu Sina Padang, and RSU BMC Padang. The sample size was 80 pregnant women at term. After a maternal and neonatal physical examination, maternal and umbilical blood samples were obtained to assess maternal ferritin levels and neonates ferritin, neurotrophin and zinc levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The independent sample t-test was performed to assess the relationship for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney test for abnormal data distribution with significance level p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were differences in mean neonatal ferritin (p < 0.001), neonatal neurotrophin (p < 0.001), and neonatal zinc (p < 0.001) to normal maternal ferritin levels (≥ 15 μg/ml) and low maternal ferritin levels (< 15 μg/ml). The difference in mean neonatal head circumference (0.92; CI95% -0.79-0.98) was associated with neonatal ferritin levels. CONCLUSIONS: The mean neonatal ferritin, neurotrophin, and zinc levels were found lower in iron deficiency maternal. Maternal iron deficiency correlates with neonate growth, iron deficiency, and neurotrophin expression that affected neonate cognition.

BACKGROUND: Based on 'vascular disorder of pregnancy' terminology, preeclampsia primarily was not a hypertensive disorder, but a vascular disorder (general vasospasm) in pregnancy due to idiopathic etiology. The overall incidence of preeclampsia was 5-14% of all pregnancies. One of the substances responsible for regulating vascular tone is nitric oxide (NO), which produced in endothelial blood vessels. NO and L-citrulline are produced altogether by the reaction between L-arginine and oxygen. L-citrulline levels reflected NO production. This study was aimed to assess the correlation between the L-citrulline level and blood pressure in severe preeclampsia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done in Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia The sample size was 36 samples of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and had yet been given antihypertensive therapy. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling from Obstetrics and Gynecology Division. After maternal examination and measurements L-citrulline levels of cubital venous blood by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, Pearson correlation was performed to assess the relationship between variables for normally distributed data and Spearman's correlation for abnormal distribution data with significance level p<0.05.RESULTS: Means of L-citrulline levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and arterial pressure (MAP) were 87.21 nmol/mL, 179.4 mmHg, 108.3mmHg, and 132.1 mmHg, respectively. Correlation of the L-citrulline level with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP were -0.08, -0.175, and -0.136 (p>0.05), respectively.CONCLUSION: L-citrulline levels had no correlation with blood pressure in severe preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: L-citrulline levels, blood pressure, severe preeclampsia

Vitamin D deficiency is a health problem that is of concern at this time. During pregnancy, vitamin D is associated with fetal growth and development, wherein the 25(OH)D level of the fetus is completely dependent on the mother's supply. This study aims to examine the relationship between vitamin D intake and maternal serum 25(OH)D levels. This research uses a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out in samples at Hermina Hospital, BMC and Army Hospital in June-December 2022. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling, totaling 40 term pregnant women. Data collection was carried out by taking maternal blood. Data on vitamin D intake were obtained from interviews using the FFQ questionnaire. Maternal serum was examined using the ELISA method at the Unand Biomedical Laboratory. The test used is Pearson correlation The results showed that the mean intake of vitamin D and levels of 25(OH)D in maternal serum were 16.54 ± 2.99 mcg, 14.74 ± 4.93 ng/ml. The relationship between vitamin D intake and maternal serum 25(OH)D levels with a value of r=0.379 was significantly ρ=0.016. The conclusion of this study was that the correlation between vitamin D intake and maternal serum 25(OH)D levels was significantly correlated

This review article aims to explain how vitamin D status and obesity relate to women’s reproductive health. Every year, the prevalence of obesity rises, with women accounting for most cases. Women who are obese typically have poor vitamin D status. The sequestration of vitamin D by fat tissue, volumetric dilution, elevated metabolic basal, decreased synthesis of vitamin D in adipose tissue, and the lifestyle of obese people who typically avoid outdoor activities so that they receive little exposure to direct sunlight are all factors that contribute to the low status of vitamin D. Reproductive health will be affected to some extent by low vitamin D status, particularly during preconception and pregnancy. The processes underlying vitamin D deficiency's link to obesity and its effects on women’s reproductive health require more study. Keywords: Obesity; Vitamin D; Women’s Reproductive Health

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Newborn weight is an important predictor of the growth and survival of infants. Low birth weight affects newborns at risk of experiencing health problems and the risk of death Women in developing countries experience many pregnancies with malnutrition, and exposure to cigarette smoke can reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Exposure to cigarette smoke damages the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. Vitamin D is a micronutrient that supports every stage of pregnancy, the placenta, and the fetus to achieve a healthy pregnancy. This study aims to determine the association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and umbilical cord blood vitamin d levels with newborn weight. This research is a quantitative analytic observational study with a Cross-Sectional Study design. This research was conducted at Hermina Padang Hospital. The time of research was carried out from 14 December 2022 to 10 January 2023. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth at Hermina Hospital. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study was 55 samples. Data analysis using the ANOVA test. The study results showed a significant mean difference between the level of exposure to cigarette smoke and birth weight. This can be seen from the p-value &lt;0.05 (p=0.002) and no significant difference in the average blood vitamin D levels. Umbilical cord with birth weight, can be seen from the p-value&gt;0.05 (p=0.484) at Hermina Padang Hospital. It is recommended that health workers provide counseling about exposure to cigarette smoke to pregnant women and mothers to pay attention to meeting the needs of vitamin D during pregnancy.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords:  Newborn Weight, Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Vitamin D , Newborn Weight</em></strong></p>