Seedlings of two forage sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in salt tolerance were subjected to 0 and 100 mM NaCl and shoot development, leaf elongation, and organic and inorganic solutes contents in leaves were measured. Salt stress reduced both shoot development and leaf elongation and enhanced leaf senescence and injury. It also led to accumulation of toxic ions (Na ' and Cl (), organic solutes (carbohydrates, amino acids and proline), and reduction of K ' content in leaf blades. Toxic ion accumulation was higher in the basal zone of the leaf blade and occurred during the period of intense leaf growth while organic solutes accumulation, mainly proline, was higher in the apical zone and occurred when the leaves practically had reached their final size. All these changes were more conspicuous in the sensitive than in the tolerant genotype. The latter also retained more toxic ions in leaf sheath tissue than the former. It is suggested that the reduction in shoot development and leaf elongation were related to toxic ion accumulation and depletion of K ' ions in the leaf blades. The accumulation of organic solutes in leaves did not appear to be related to salt tolerance. Proline accumulation appears to be a reaction to salt stress damage and not a plant response associated with salt tolerance.
RESUMOA análise granulométrica do solo é realizada em três etapas: aplicação de pré-tratamentos para remoção de agentes cimentantes e floculantes, dispersão da amostra de solo e quantificação das frações do solo. Para quantificar as frações do solo, há necessidade de separá-las previamente. Dependendo do tamanho, utiliza-se o peneiramento, para as frações areia grossa e areia fina, e a sedimentação, para as frações silte e argila. Algumas propostas metodológicas calculam a proporção da fração silte no sistema por subtração das outras frações em relação à amostra original. No Laboratório de Física do Solo da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, realiza-se a coleta adicional da suspensão (fração silte + fração argila), o que incrementa a exatidão do resultado. As determinações que não levam em consideração esta coleta superestimam a proporção da fração silte, acumulando nesta fração a totalidade dos erros da determinação. Pode-se concluir que a coleta da suspensão (fração silte + fração argila) e a seqüência de cálculos decorrentes desta coleta levam a resultados mais adequados na análise granulométrica do solo, distribuindo o erro experimental nas quatro frações granulométricas.Termos de indexação: análise textural, frações do solo, análise mecânica, método da pipeta.
SUMMARY: INCREASED ACCURACY IN PARTICLE-SIZE ANALYSIS BY SAMPLING THE SILT + CLAY SUSPENSION
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