One thousand six hundred and twenty yeast isolates were obtained from 54 spontaneous fermentations performed from grapes collected in 18 sampling sites of three vineyards (Vinho Verde Wine Region in northwest Portugal) during the 2001-2003 harvest seasons. All isolates were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA RFLP) and a pattern profile was verified for each isolate, resulting in a total of 297 different profiles, that all belonged to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The strains corresponding to seventeen profiles showed a wider temporal and geographical distribution, being characterized by a generalized pattern of sporadic presence, absence and reappearance. One strain (ACP10) showed a more regional distribution with a perennial behavior. In different fermentations ACP10 was either dominant or not, showing that the final outcome of fermentation was dependent on the specific composition of the yeast community in the must. Few of the grape samples collected before harvest initiated a spontaneous fermentation, compared to the samples collected after harvest, in a time frame of about 2 weeks. The associated strains were also much more diversified: 267 patterns among 1260 isolates compared to 30 patterns among 360 isolates in the post- and pre-harvest samples, respectively. Fermenting yeast populations have never been characterized before in this region and the present work reports the presence of commercial yeast strains used by the wineries. The present study aims at the development of strategies for the preservation of biodiversity and genetic resources as a basis for further strain development.
One hundred isolates of the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Zymaflore VL1 were recovered from spontaneous fermentations carried out with grapes collected from vineyards located close to wineries in the Vinho Verde wine region of Portugal. Isolates were differentiated based on their mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns and the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms was carried out by microsatellite analysis, interdelta sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genetic patterns were compared to those obtained for 30 isolates of the original commercialized Zymaflore VL1 strain. Among the 100 recovered isolates we found a high percentage of chromosomal size variations, most evident for the smaller chromosomes III and VI. Complete loss of heterozygosity was observed for two isolates that had also lost chromosomal heteromorphism; their growth and fermentative capacity in a synthetic must medium was also affected. A considerably higher number of variant patterns for interdelta sequence amplifications was obtained for grape-derived strains compared to the original VL1 isolates. Our data show that the long-term presence of strain VL1 in natural grapevine environments induced genetic changes that can be detected using different fingerprinting methods. The observed genetic changes may reflect adaptive mechanisms to changed environmental conditions that yeast cells encounter during their existence in nature.
In this work, an investigation was carried out on the interlocution between Neuroscience and Meaningful Learning, for the teaching of Cosmology. In this perspective, a question was asked: from the interface between Neuroscience and Meaningful Learning, what contributions can be evidenced for the teaching of Cosmology? The research, of basic nature and qualitative approach, adopted as parameter national official documents and the results of previous research described in articles, dissertations and theses, in the period from 1976 to 2021. The results reveal that the understanding of architecture and neural functioning will be favorable for the training of teachers, allowing them to adopt methods and practices that promote meaningful learning in Cosmology. However, the approximation between these areas should occur with caution, in order to avoid an immediate, simplistic and prescriptive appropriation of neurobiological concepts.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as potencialidades do Objeto Virtual de Aprendizagem (OVA) Stellarium, nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, no que diz respeito ao ensino de conceitos básicos de Astronomia, na disciplina de Ciências, levando em consideração as limitações no Ensino de Ciências. O artigo se trata de uma revisão bibliográfica, a qual desenvolve uma reflexão sobre o que os pesquisadores reiteram a respeito das consequências que a falta de contextualização no ensino de Ciências vem causando na formação básica dos jovens, apresentando a popularização do ensino de Ciências, por meio da abordagem de conceitos básicos de Astronomia que possuem relação com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), como uma valiosa estratégia para superar esse obstáculo, entre outros. Além disso, relata os desafios do ensino de Ciências nos dias atuais, envolvendo a falta de recursos, erros conceituais nos livros didáticos e a formação acadêmica dos professores de Ciências. Sendo assim, a inclusão da Astronomia no Ensino de Ciências, envolve aspectos motivacionais e abrange várias áreas de conhecimento, além disso, possui popularidade significativa através do avanço da divulgação científica nos meios de comunicação. Diante das limitações de espaço e materiais didáticos, o Stellarium possui recursos que potencializam e possibilitam os tópicos de Astronomia na educação formal. Além disso, possibilita ao professor apresentar aos estudantes diversos fenômenos astronômicos, sendo este importante na ausência de telescópios, lunetas, binóculos ou mesmo na falta de espaço para a elaboração das atividades, despertando os estudantes para a alfabetização científica.
O presente artigo possui caráter descritivo, tendo como objetivo analisar as potencialidades da inserção da Astronomia no Ensino de Física, envolvendo a aplicação dos conhecimentos sobre matéria e energia em uma perspectiva fenomenológica através da teoria de formação planetária. Sendo desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada em livros, artigos, monografias, dissertações, teses e documentos que norteiam a construção do currículo de Ciências da Natureza do Ensino Médio, possibilitando uma abordagem contextualizada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Física. As competências específicas da área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias presentes na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) incentivam a prática da investigação científica e evidenciam a importância dessa abordagem no mundo contemporâneo. Outrossim, a Ciência possibilita a observação, experimentação e investigação de fenômenos presentes no cotidiano, os quais envolvem Astronomia, despertando interesse e curiosidade nos discentes, trazendo aspectos contemporâneos no ensino de mecânica clássica. Considerando que a Astronomia possui um potencial motivador para estudantes e professores, sua abordagem é importante na compreensão de conceitos, promovendo discussões substanciais, consentindo no processo de literacia científica na educação básica.
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