This article presents the major stages of the approaches to the ethics of communication and the respective ethical principle of each one. The first stage, centred on the principle of truthfulness, was born at the beginning of the 20th century, at the same time as the first great development of the press and journalism. The second stage, which began at the end of the 20th century, centred on the principle of beneficence and developed from the growing influence of the mass media on all fields and aspects of social life. There is also the need for a further principle for communication ethics: the principle of vulnerability: to give voice to those affected by a situation, especially to those in a situation of vulnerability. The article then considers whether the huge impact of the Internet and social media at the beginning of the 21st century implies a new stage in the ethics of communication or rather the need to extend the scope and effectiveness of existing ethical principles and norms. The article tends toward the second option, insisting on the role of self-regulation and media literacy in tackling the current challenges in media and social media communications.
La autorregulación sigue gozando de poco ascendiente en España, tanto en el mundo profesional, donde no se percibe su utilidad práctica, como en el académico, que no le ha prestado la debida atención. La situación ha mejorado en los últimos años y debe seguir haciéndolo, dado el papel que la autorregulación debe cumplir en sociedades complejas. La investigación académica debe cumplir un papel fundamental: valorando críticamente la labor de los mecanismos de autorregulación, y también difundiendo su labor entre la comunidad experta y los futuros profesionales. En este sentido, el artículo expone los hallazgos de la investigación de las 100 primeras resoluciones de la
Over the past decade, the problems arising from social communication have yet again become burning issues on social and political agendas. Information disorder, hate speeches, information manipulation, social networking sites, etc., have obliged the most important European institutions to reflect on how to meet the collective challenges that social communication currently poses in the new millennium. These European Institutions have made a clear commitment to self-regulation. The article reviews some recent European initiatives to deal with information disorder that has given a fundamental role to self-regulation. To then carry out a theoretical review of the normative notion of self-regulation that distinguishes it from the neo-liberal economicist conception. To this end, (1) a distinction is drawn between the (purportedly) self-regulating market and (2) a broader conception of self-regulation inherent not to media companies or corporations, but to the social subsystem of social communication, is proposed. This involves increasing the number of self-regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to improve social communication, and reinforcing the commitment of those who should exercise such self-regulation, including not only media companies but also the professionals working at them and the public at large.
ResumenEste trabajo aborda la posible contribución de la radio al envejecimiento activo. La ética comunicativa actual debe tener presentes los colectivos más vulnerables de la sociedad y uno de ellos es el de la vejez. Se recogen en el artículo los principales datos demográficos sobre población mayor, cuyo crecimiento es tal que se hace necesario un cambio de paradigma a la hora de abordar estos cambios, lo que se co noce como envejecimiento activo. Se plantea que la radio, por sus peculiares características, puede con tribuir a promover dicho paradigma. Pero es necesario partir de datos objetivos y el artículo concluye presentando los datos y gráficos de la investigación realizada sobre la presencia de la vejez en los ma gazines matinales de las cuatro emisoras más importantes del país. Palabras clave: Ética de la Comunicación, Públicos vulnerables, Radio, Magazines de radio, Envejeci miento Activo.Study on the Contribution of the Radio to Active Ageing. Initial Phase:Quantitative Analysis of the Topic of Ageing on Radio Magazines Abstract This paper deals with the possible contribution of the radio to active ageing. New communicative ethics must take into account the most vulnerable groups of the society and one of them is that of elderly peo ple. The main demographics data of older people are collected in the article and their growth makes clear that is necessary a paradigm shift in addressing these changes, what is already known as active aging. It is stated that the radio, due to its peculiar characteristics, can contribute to promote this paradigm. But in order to make clear how, it is necessary previously to begin with objective data about the real presence of aging in the media. So the article concludes by presenting data and graphics of the research conduc ted on the presence of old age in the morning magazines of the four major Spanish radio stations.
Políticos, empresarios, periodistas y la sociedad en general, todos apelan a la autorregulación cuando se habla de la ética de los medios. Pero ¿qué es la autorregulación y qué mecanismos existen para ponerla en práctica? En 'Comunicación responsable. Deontología y autorregulación de los medios' (Barcelona, 1999) he estudiado todos los mecanismos de autorregulación que pueden aplicarse en los medios (códigos, estatutos de redacción, libros de estilo, consejos, etc.). De cada uno de ellos se aborda su historia, sus funciones, su alcance, etc. El texto que sigue recoge -con algunas modificaciones para acortar su extensión- el apartado del libro dedicado al ombudsman, en el que se discute su papel a la hora de promover la ética y la deontología periodística.
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