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The present dissertation aims at the analysis of the different motivations of regional integration in Latin America, and has as its case-study the Andean Community. This way, the regional integration processes that outset the Associação Latino-Americana de Livre Comércio-Alalc (Latin American Association of Free Commerce) in 1960, the Andean Community (CA) in 1969, and the Associação Latino-Americana de Integração-Aladi (Latin-American Integration Association) in 1980 are analyzed. It is understood that the advent of the Andean Community represented a breakage in the Latin-American integrating process started by Alalc. Such breakage derives from the dissatisfaction of small and medium-sized countries, members of the Alalc, for the few results reached in the economical and institutional compass. The present dissertation also demonstrates the variation of reasons for establishing regional integration processes in Latin America. Such reasons have also been adjusted to the historical and socio-economical mutations, which were identified by the theory as regionalisms. It was also identified the important role that the The Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbea (ECLAC) performed, which influenced and motivated the integration processes in the region, both in the period identified as the first regionalism (1960-1980)-whose starting point was the industrialization by substitution of importation, and the second process, even though less strong, identified as Open Regionalism (since the end of the 1990´s) and that has as its background the process of trade opening and the capital internationalization. Finally, from the analysis of the Andean Community, the structural difficulties to exert the regional integration processes are observed. Such difficulties come from the lack of fulfillment of the objectives set in the initial agreement, the lack of socio-economical infrastructure of the member countries, the little commercial performance of the block in the international compass, and, mainly, the several ways of engagement of the member countries to be inserted in the integration process. Such issues typify structural faults and they balk the regional integration.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a evolução da economia peruana no período 1950-2000, bem como analisar as diferentes estratégias de integração regional estabelecidas pelo país, especialmente, na última década do século XX. O artigo demonstra que as tentativas de industrialização adotadas no Peru nesse período (Modelo primário exportador -Industrialização por Substituição de Importações e Processo de Liberalização Econômica) não conseguiram modificar estruturalmente a capacidade produtiva e tampouco conseguiram atender as demandas sociais crescentes do país. Nesse contexto, também são analisados os processos de integração regional estabelecidos pelo Peru, principalmente na década de 1990, como opções válidas de criação de novos mercados e oportunidades de crescimento econômico.Palavras-Chave: Economia Peruana, Integração Regional, América Latina, Política Econômica. Abstract:The objective of this article is to show the evolution of the Peruvian economy in the period 1950 to 2000, as well as to analyze the different strategies of regional integration established by this country, especially in the last decade of the century XX. It's demonstrated that the attempts of adopting industrialization in Peru (Model primary exporter -Industrialization for Substitution of Imports and Process of Economical Liberalization), they couldn't modify structurally the productive capacity and to assist the high social demands of this country. In this context, it's also analyzed the process of regional integration established by Peru, mainly in the decade of 1990, as valid options of the creation of the new markets and the opportunities of economic growth.

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