The aim of in vitro maturation oocyte systems is to produce oocytes of comparable quality to those derived in vivo. The present study was designed to examine the surface morphological changes of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and nuclear maturation in a culture system containing pyruvate. Ovaries were obtained from a slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory within 2 h at 35-39ºC, and rinsed three times in 0.9% NaCl. The COCs were harvested from the ovaries and in vitro maturation was evaluated in San Marcos (SM) medium, a chemically defined culture system containing 22.3 mM sodium pyruvate. Oocytes were cultured in SM, SM + porcine follicular fluid (pFF) and in SM + pFF + gonadotropins (eCG and hCG) for 20-22 h and then without hormonal supplements for an additional 20-22 h. After culture, the degree of cumulus expansion and frequency of nuclear maturation were determined. Oocytes matured in SM (40.9%) and SM + pFF (42.9%) showed moderate cumulus expansion, whereas oocytes matured in SM + pFF + gonadotropins (54.6%) showed high cumulus expansion. The maturation rate of cultured oocytes, measured in function of the presence of the polar corpuscle, did not differ significantly between SM (40.9 ± 3.6%) and SM + pFF (42.9 ± 3.7%). These results indicate that pig oocytes can be successfully matured in a chemically defined medium and suggest a possible bifunctional role of pyruvate as an energy substrate and as an antioxidant protecting oocytes against the stress of the in vitro environment.
El electrospinning (hilado electrostático de fibras) es un método moderno y eficiente que utiliza el campo eléctrico para la producción de fibras finas que nos permite la fabricación de estructuras porosas y versátiles denominadas scaffolds organizadas por unidades de nanofibras. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo revisando las bases de datos como: MeSH, NCBI, Nature, NIH, PloSONE, ReseachGate, de los que seleccionamos un total de 28 artículos. Este trabajo explica una revisión del proceso de electrohilado, de sus productos y aplicaciones como la inoculación de fármacos de tratamiento o de profilaxis, regeneración tisular; determinando la importancia del conocimiento en conjunto de todos los factores asociados en bioingeniería de tejidos. El desarrollo de la investigación de la tecnología de electrospinning ha demostrado ser de sumo interés en la biomedicina. Para impulsar la ingeniería biomédica en Perú se debe apoyar y promover este tipo de avances, que buscan brindar un beneficio a la salud de la población.
ResumenLas células madre mesenquimales (CMM) se pueden definir como células estromales mesenquimales multipotentes que proliferan in vitro y tienen una morfología similar a fibroblastos, forman colonias in vitro y pueden diferenciarse en osteoblastos, condrocitos y adipocitos, así como mantienen interacciones con el sistema inmune. Estas CMM pueden ser aisladas y expandidas en medio de cultivo debido a sus propiedades de adhesión al plástico del matraz de cultivo, diferenciación y proliferación in vitro. Se ha logrado aislar y mantener en cultivo CMM de articulaciones del quiridio de caballo, cuya subpoblación STRO-1 positiva mantenida en condiciones de hipoxia se diferencia por el linaje de condrocitos identificados por la reacción azul Alcian. Las propiedades inmunorreguladoras de las CMM causan la alteración de la proliferación y las funciones efectoras de la mayoría de las poblaciones celulares del sistema inmune, innato y adaptativo.Las características de diferenciación multilinaje y de inmunoregulación de las CMM está permitiendo su usoen medicina regenerativa; se estima que en los próximos 5 años el potencial de esta nueva estrategia terapéutica podrá visualizarse porque habrá muchos productos y protocolos de tratamiento basados en la medicina regenerativa. Palabras clave: células madre mesenquimales (CMM), multipotencia, inmunoregulación, linajes celulares, cultivo in vitro, proliferación AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be defined as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that proliferate in vitro and have a fibroblast-like morphology and form in vitro colonies. They can distinguish into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, as well as interact with the immune system. These MSCs can be isolated and expanded in culture medium due to their properties of adhesion to the culture flask plastic, differentiation, and proliferation in vitro. Isolation and CMM culture of joints of the horse chiridium has been achieved, whose subpopulation STRO-1 positive maintained in hypoxia conditions differs from chondrocyte lineage identified by the Alcian blue reaction. The immunoregulatory properties of MSCs cause alteration of the proliferation and effector functions of most cell populations of the immune, innate and adaptive system. The multilinear differentiation and immunoregulation characteristics of MSCs are allowing their use in regenerative medicine. It is estimated that in the next 5 years the potential of this new therapeutic strategycan be visualized because there will be many products and treatment protocols based on regenerative medicine. Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), multipotency, immunoregulation, cell lineages, in vitro culture, proliferation.
3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.
Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn 1872 es una de las bacterias que se encuentran en el ambiente, sus colonias presentan una pigmentación amarillenta. Este pigmento es un carotenoide cuyas propiedades varían según el ambiente de origen o aislamiento. En la actualidad, es importante explorar varias fuentes naturales de colorantes de grado alimenticio y sus potenciales efectos en la industria alimentaria, la salud humana o veterinaria. Por ello, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar la extracción del pigmento carotenoide de M. luteus con solventes orgánicos y la respectiva caracterización mediante cromatografía en capa fina (TLC) del pigmento carotenoide de M. luteus aislado del Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, para, posteriormente, evaluar su actividad antimicrobiana frente a una serie de cepas proporcionadas por este mismo laboratorio. Consecuentemente, se obtuvo no solo una extracción simplificada cruda del pigmento con étil acetato y un factor de retención (R/ f) de 0.4 para ese pigmento, sino que también se confirmó su actividad antibacterial contra algunas cepas patógenas de importancia humana y veterinaria como lo son V. parahaemolyticus, P. fluorescens y R. equi.
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