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benefits from a Postdoctoral grant from FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BPD/84038/2012) funded by POPH-NSRF-Typology 4.1-Advanced Training, co-financed by the ESF and by national funds of the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science. Ana Rita Cruz also acknowledges the financial support from FCT (SFRH/BD/75893/2011).This article was stimulated by HARVEST Atlantic-Harnessing all resources valuable to economies of seaside territories on the Atlantic, project co-financed by the European INTERREG Atlantic Area through the ERDF. The contribution of Carla Nogueira as research assistant in this project is acknowledged.

Firms interact with universities through a variety of channels, ranging from collaborative research projects, patents, spin-off creation, consultancy and specialized training, to informal relationships. This article explores the combination of mechanisms used by firms in Andalusia, a peripheral region in Spain and Europe, when interacting with universities. Using information from a survey of 737 innovative firms, the empirical study found evidence that university-industry links can be grouped into five latent dimensions (knowledge generation and adaptation, involvement in new organisations, training and exchange of human resources, intellectual property rights, and facilities and equipment) which are mainly based on exploitation or exploration activities. A typology of firms was created, highlighting the large number of firms with no interactions, and six clusters that specialize in specific mechanisms (IPR exploiters, Institutionalized interactors, University facility users, Training and education beneficiaries, Tacit knowledge users, and R&D interactors). The study also presents the determinants for engaging in each type of channel, concluding that whilst firms developing exploitation activities also develop parallel exploration activities, the reverse is not significant. The absorptive capacity of firms is important in determining the type of interaction, but is not fully conclusive about the range of exploration and exploitation activities. The article ends by discussing the policy implications associated with incentives to adapt knowledge transfer mechanisms to the industrial fabric of peripheral innovation systems.