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Abstract:The presence of violations and the need for enforcement of tradable property rights systems in fisheries has not receiving much attention in the literature. The theoretical promise of property rights-based fisheries is to achieve a given total allowable catch with a maximum social benefit. One of the assumption for that result is that the system is in perfect compliance. The incidents of noncompliance, however, may affect the performance of transferable property rights-based fisheries in unexplored ways. In this paper, we construct and analyze a positive model of fisherman behavior that operates under a perfectly competitive individual transferable quota system, when recognizing the opportunities for violations of quota holdings, given incomplete enforcement. Considering an ill enforced transferable property rights-based fishery we are able to obtain a number of implications for the performance of the quota market and the economic efficiency of the regulatory system.

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Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects several million people in Central and South America. About 30% of chronic patients develop cardiomyopathy probably caused by parasite persistence and/or autoimmunity. While several cross-reactive antibodies generated during mammal T. cruzi infection have been described, very few cross-reactive T cells have been identified. We performed adoptive transfer experiments of T cells isolated from chronically infected mice. The results showed the generation of cardiac pathology in the absence of parasites. We also transferred cross-reactive SAPA-specific T cells and observed unspecific alterations in heart repolarization, cardiac inflammatory infiltration, and tissue damage.