Multiple reflection has been proven to be an effective method to enhance the gas detection sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy, while Raman gas probes based on the multiple reflection principle have been rarely reported on. In this paper, a multi-reflection, cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) probe was developed and used for in situ multi-component gas detection. Owing to signal transmission through optical fibers and the miniaturization of multi-reflection cavity, the CERS probe exhibited the advantages of in situ detection and higher detection sensitivity. Compared with the conventional, backscattering Raman layout, the CERS probe showed a better performance for the detection of weak signals with a relatively lower background. According to the 3σ criteria, the detection limits of this CERS probe for methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor are calculated to be 44.5 ppm, 192.9 ppm, 317.5 ppm and 0.67%, respectively. The results presented the development of this CERS probe as having great potential to provide a new method for industrial, multi-component online gas detection.

A sensitive analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking, Soxhlet's extraction and ultrasonic extraction for studying the degradation of trace amounts of pyoluteorin (Plt, a broadspectrum fungicide produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas) in soil samples was first developed. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification for Plt of the developed method were 0.107 and 0.36 lg mL -1 , respectively. The recoveries of Plt at three spiking concentrations of 500, 200, and 50 lg kg -1 were 94.18, 79, and 78.25%, respectively. In this communication, we successfully performed the investigation on the dynamic residue of Plt during its decomposition in agriculture soil using the method developed. The calculated t 1/2 values for Plt residue in near-surface and rhizosphere soil were 42.26 and 32.84 h, respectively. The results show that Plt has good environmental compatibility.

The mineral chemistry of thirteen trioctahedral chlorite samples from four regions in northwestern China, having a wide range of Fe and Mg contents and relatively constant Al and Si contents, were studied via raman spectroscopy, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and electron - probe microanalysis. Five absorption features of the twenty samples near 4525, 4440, 4350, 4270 and 4180 cm−1 were observed, and two diagnostic features at 4440 and 4270 cm−1 were recognized. Assignments of the two diagnostic features were made for two combination bands ((ν+δ)(AlAl)O−OH and (ν+δ)(SiAl)O−OH) by regression with Raman fundamental absorptions. Furthermore, the determinant factors of the NIR band position were found by comparing the band positions with relative components. The results showed that Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) values are negatively correlated with the two NIR combination bands. The findings provide an interpretation of the NIR band formation and demonstrate a simple way to use NIR spectroscopy to discriminate between chlorites with different components. More importantly, a simple example of mapping Fe-rich and Mg-rich chlorites were executed using remote sensing data based on this theory. The spectroscopic detection of mineral chemical variations in chlorites provides geologists with a tool with which to collect information on hydrothermal alteration zones from hyperspectral-resolution remote sensing data.

Background Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is one of the important techniques predominantly used in cardiac, hepatic, and vascular surgery for decreasing allogeneic blood transfusion. However, the effect of ANH in orthognathic surgery has been rarely studied. Therefore, this study aims to assess the ANH‐mediated reduction in the allogeneic red blood cell transfusion for orthognathic surgery patients. Study design and methods In this single‐center study, 18–80 years old patients were recruited. Patients with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL and normal coagulation function were randomly divided into ANH or standard treatment group. Results Ninety six patients underwent ANH, and 101 patients received standard treatment. No differences in demographic or major pre‐operative characteristics were observed between the two groups. One patient in the ANH and three patients in the standard treatment group received allogeneic blood [3(2.97%) vs. 1(1.16%), control vs. ANH, p = .395]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ANH treatment was not associated with transfusion of allogeneic blood (p = .763). After retransfusing autologous blood, PT and APTT in the ANH group significantly increased compared to standard treatment group (PT: −1.73 ± 1.09 vs. −2.15 ± 1.06, p = .035; APTT: −6.39 ± 5.76 vs. −8.16 ± 5.70, p = .031; control vs. ANH). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for changes in coagulation parameters at first postoperative day. However, platelet counts in the ANH group decreased compared to the standard group. No significant difference in major adverse outcomes was observed between the two groups. Conclusion ANH did not reduce the incidence of allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.