Ti/SnO 2 -Sb-Ir electrodes doped with a low Ir content were prepared, and they were used in acidic water electrolysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results showed that an IrO 2 −SnO 2 solid solution was formed, and the electrode surface was relatively compact. The doping of IrO 2 could significantly improve the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ti/SnO 2 -Sb electrode for OER. The electrode modified with only 5 mol % Ir met the needs of acidic water electrolysis. Meanwhile, the performances of the electrode approached that of Ti/IrO 2 when Ir content was only 8 mol %, which resulted from the fact that IrO 2 doping improved the chemical stability as well as the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. Moreover, the deactivation behavior of the electrode was investigated as well. It was mainly ascribed to the chemical composition and morphology change induced by continuous dissolution of the metal oxides, which eventually led to the passivation of the Ti substrate.

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Cycloxaprid (CYC) is effective in the control of hemipteran pests, but its bioactivity against lepidopteran pests is still unclear. Here, the bioactivity of CYC against lepidopteran pests was found to be much worse than that against hemipteran insects. To reveal the mechanism, the transcriptomes of CYC-treated and untreated Ostrinia furnacalis larvae were compared. Among the top 20 differentially expressed genes, 11 encode proteins involved in cuticle formation, while only one encodes a detoxifying enzyme. Thus, the cuticle appears to be important for the insensitivity of O. furnacalis to CYC. A pretreatment of O. furnacalis larvae with methoprene enhanced the bioactivity of CYC by 1.12-fold. Moreover, mixtures of CYC with graphene oxide increased the bioactivity of CYC by 1.88-fold. Because lepidopteran and hemipteran insects often harm crops at the same time, the work can help make full use of CYC and reduce the environmental impacts of using multiple pesticides.