Antibiotics are used widely in human and veterinary medicine, and are ubiquitous in environment matrices worldwide. Due to their consumption, excretion, and persistence, antibiotics are disseminated mostly via direct and indirect emissions such as excrements, sewage irrigation, and sludge compost and enter the soil and impact negatively the natural ecosystem of soil. Most antibiotics are amphiphilic or amphoteric and ionize. A non-polar core combined with polar functional moieties makes up numerous antibiotic molecules. Because of various molecule structures, physicochemical properties vary widely among antibiotic compounds. Sorption is an important process for the environment behaviors and fate of antibiotics in soil environment. The adsorption process has decisive role for the environmental behaviors and the ultimate fates of antibiotics in soil. Multiply physicochemical properties of antibiotics induce the large variations of their adsorption behaviors. In addition, factors of soil environment such as the pH, ionic strength, metal ions, and organic matter content also strongly impact the adsorption processes of antibiotics. Review about adsorption of antibiotics on soil can provide a fresh insight into understanding the antibiotic-soil interactions. Therefore, literatures about the adsorption mechanisms of antibiotics in soil environment and the effects of environment factors on adsorption behaviors of antibiotics in soil are reviewed and discussed systematically in this review.

A novel palladium(0)-catalyzed dearomatizing [2+2+1] spiroannulation of 1-bromo-2-naphthols with aryl iodides and alkynes was developed for the rapid assembly of spiro[indene-1,1'-naphthalen]-2'-ones. This three-component cascade reaction was realized through consecutive Catellani-type C-H activation, unsymmetrical biaryl coupling, alkyne migratory insertion, and arene dearomatization. The potential utility of our method is illustrated by the one-step construction of the polycyclic skeletons of dalesconols A and B from alkyne-tethered aryl iodides and 1-bromo-2-naphthol.

N,N-Dimethylaminomethyl ferrocenium could be generated in situ and served as a terminal oxidant for Pd-catalyzed directly dehydrogenative annulations of N,N-dimethylaminomethyl ferrocene and internal alkynes. This procedure utilized the redox activity of ferrocene and avoided adding an oxidant. A series of highly arylated naphthalenes functionalized by ferrocene were obtained in 53-81% yields.