Background The COVID-19 pandemic was occurring worldwide with over a 6.5 million deaths. It’s important to explore the instructions for the global nursing community by identifying the personal coping methods of Chinese nurses in Wuhan to deal with patient deaths. Methodology The study used a qualitative conventional content analysis with 14 Chinese Counter-marching nurses. Purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and semi-structured interviews were used for participants and data collection. To assess the quality of the findings, Guba and Lincoln’s criteria for confidence were fulfilled. Results The data analysis results in 4 main categories:(1) psychological shocks related to COVID-19 patient’s death; (2) personal psychological adjustment and demands; (3) insights on life and values; (4) Needs for relevant knowledge and skills. Conclusions During the outbreak of the epidemic or pandemic, adequate psychological care resources need to be provided to nurses when facing the death of infectious patients, to reduce the negative emotions brought by death. Effective coping strategies should also be formulated to enhance their resilience and promote their professional competence.
Objective: To explore the double psychosocial threats of the COVID-19 pandemic, targeted behavior toward Chinese Americans, and the correlates to their mental health. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was utilized by using a purposive convenience sample of 301 Chinese Americans over the age of 18 residing in the United States. Online data collection was conducted through the social media platform WeChat from April 8-21, 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the participants' demographic characteristics, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Double Threat Situations, COVID-19 Racial Discrimination, and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Stepwise logistic regression was conducted to verify predictors for anxiety levels by GAD-7. Results: In this sample (N = 301), 127 (42.19%) were male and 174 (57.81%) were female. The average age was 41.67 (SD = 5.89). Among MSPSS subscales, social support from family (MSPSS-Fam, 79.73%, n = 240) and social support from significant others (MSPSS-SO, 73.75%, n = 222) were high. 231 (76.74%) reported threats due to their Chinese ethnic background during the COVID-19 outbreak. Predictors for the high anxiety level by GAD-7 were COVID-19 racial discrimination from the local community (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.39-0.71, p < 0.001), media/online (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.26-0.53, p < 0.001), the perceived threat from the COVID-19 virus (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.23-0.51, p < 0.001) and Perceived racism threat from Chinese background related to COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.21-0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusions: COVID-19 double-threats (The virus and racial discrimination) situations are significantly related to the high level of anxiety among Chinese Americans. The sense of belonging and social perceptions of Chinese immigrants is closely related to public health problems in Western societies and needs to be addressed at all levels. Our findings call for the attention of healthcare workers to specific racism double-threatened situations and high mental health risks, as well as direct and indirect ethnic discrimination that Chinese Americans are experiencing during this pandemic, the long-term influences and effective coping ways related to this issue should be explored in further research.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was occurring worldwide with over a 6.5million deaths. It’s important to explore the instructions for the global nursing community by identifying the personal coping methods of Chinese nurses in Wuhan to deal with patient deaths. Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological study was designed to describe 14 Chinese nurses' COVID-19 patient death experiences through in-depth interviews in April 2022, data were analyzed by conventional content analysis methods. Results: Four themes and subthemes were generated in which participants reported their contacts with COVID-19 patients’ death. The main themes were psychological shock, psychological adjustment, and demands, insights into life and values, and the need for relevant knowledge and skills. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of nurses‘ psychological and professional needs regarding patient deaths during the epidemic. The instructions integrated from nurses' stories could give guidance for a well-prepared global nursing workforce and high-quality end-of-life patient care in the present and future epidemics.
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