Three three-dimensional (3D) open-framework vanadoborates, denoted as SUT-6-Zn, SUT-6-Mn, and SUT-6-Ni, were synthesized using diethylenetriamine as a template. SUT-6-Zn, SUT-6-Mn, and SUT-6-Ni are isostructural and built from (VO)12O6 B18O36(OH)6 clusters bridged by ZnO5, MnO6, and NiO6 polyhedra, respectively, to form the 3D frameworks. SUT-6 is the first vanadoborate with a 3D framework. The framework follows a semiregular hxg net topology with a 2-fold interpenetrated diamond-like channel system. The amount of template used in the synthesis played an important role in the dimensionality of the resulting vanadoborate structures. A small amount of diethylenetriamine led to the formation of this first 3D vanadoborate framework, while an increased amount of diethylenetriamine resulted in vanadoborates with zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) structures. SUT-6-Zn was proved to be an efficient heterogeneous precatalyst for the oxidation of alkylbenzenes.

A new porous vanadoborate was synthesized by employing the scale chemistry theory with the vanadoborate cluster V10B28. The twofold interpenetrated lvt network was assembled with zinc-containing elliptical vanadoborate clusters and Zn polyhedra. The single lvt framework contains a three-dimensional 38×38×20 ring channel system with the pore size (24.7×12.7 Å) reaching the mesoscale, thus indicating the possibility of constructing 3D ordered mesopores with vanadoborate clusters. The porosity of the SUT-7 structure was confirmed by CO2 adsorption of the as-synthesized materials.

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In this study, an interface coassembly strategy is employed to rationally synthesize a yolk-shell CuO/silicalite-1@void@mSiO composite consisting of silicalite-1 supported CuO nanoparticles confined in the hollow space of mesoporous silica, and the obtained composite materials were used as a novel nonenzymatic biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detecting glucose with excellent anti-interference ability. The synthesis of CuO/silicalite-1@mSiO includes four steps: coating silicalite-1 particles with resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer (RF), immobilization of copper species, interface deposition of a mesoporous silica layer, and final calcination in air to decompose RF and form CuO nanoparticles. The unique hierarchical porous structure with mesopores and micropores is beneficial to selectively enrich glucose for fast oxidation into gluconic acid. Besides, the mesopores in the silica shell can effectively inhibit the large interfering substances or biomacromolecules diffusing into the void as well as the loss of CuO nanoparticles. The hollow chamber inside serves as a nanoreactor for glucose oxidation catalyzed by the active CuO nanoparticles, which are spatially accessible for glucose molecules. The nonenzymatic glucose biosensors based on CuO/silicalite-1@mSiO materials show excellent electrocatalytic sensing performance with a wide linear range (5-500 μM), high sensitivity (5.5 μA·mM·cm), low detection limit (0.17 μM), and high selectivity against interfering species. Furthermore, the unique sensors even display a good capability in the determination of glucose in real blood serum samples.