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Tailoring the composition and morphology of electrocatalysts has been regarded as an effective alternative to improve their catalytic performance by forming and exposing more active sites. Herein a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) strategy is proposed to mass produce 2D cobalt-fluoride-oxide phase electrocatalysts in air at 400 °C (CFO-RH400) from crystalline fluoride hydrates, with critical steps including the thermal expansion of the water molecule, the exfoliation of CoF2 nanosheets, and the subsequent oxidation. The regulated electronic structure of the active cobalt oxide phase by sufficient fluoride anions leads to a closer O p-band center relative to the Fermi level based on our theoretical simulations. Therefore, the as-prepared 2D CFO-RH400 exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and durability toward the oxygen evolution reaction.

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The solvent extraction of U(VI) by p-tert-butylcalix[n]-arene acetate (He, L ) (n = 4, 6, 8) has been studied. The effects of acidity in aqueous phase and concentration of extractant in organic phase on the distribution ratio were examined. It has been found that the distribution ratio is proportional to [H+] -2 and [H,L](o ) and the extracted complex species is UO2Hn.2L. The equilibrium constants of the extraction reactions have been determined. The reaction mechanism is discussed.

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline oxygenate and antiknock additive substituting for lead alkyls currently in use worldwide. Previous studies have shown that MTBE at very high doses induces tumors in rodents. The aim of the present study was to examine directly the binding ability of MTBE onto DNA, demonstrating its potential genotoxicity. MTBE-DNA adducts and their decay kinetics in mice have been measured by using doubly 14C-labeled MTBE with an advanced, ultrasensitive technique: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). It was found that MTBE definitely formed adducts with DNA in mouse lung, liver, and kidney in a log/log linear dose-response relationship. The distribution sequence of DNA adducts in these tissues is: lung > liver > kidney. The level of MTBE-DNA adducts peaked at 12 h postadministration in the lung and peaked at 6 h postadministration in the liver. Then the adducts declined rapidly until 5 days postadministration and thereafter declined much more slowly. To our knowledge, this is the first report on DNA adduction with MTBE in vivo. The mechanism of the formation of MTBE-DNA adducts also is discussed.