High body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with hypertension. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between BMI and hypertension in people in northeast China. Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2012. According to multistage, stratified cluster sampling, a total of 21435 inhabitants aged between 18 and 79 years in Jilin Province were selected randomly. The prevalence of hypertension was 35.66% overall. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for the BMI- hypertension association for overweight and obesity were 2.503 (95% confidence interval = 1.912–2.204) and 4.259 (95% confidence interval = 3.883–4.671). The results of multivariable restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between the continuous change of BMI and hypertension (P < 0.001) after adjusting the confounding factors of different genders and age groups, which indicated that there was an adjusted dose-response association between continuous BMI and hypertension.

Hypertension not only has a high prevalence, but also brings disease burden to the affected patients. To assess the level of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the northeast of China, we investigated the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and identified its related factors among hypertensive patients aged 18 to 59 years old in Jilin, China. The data (n = 4632) for the present study were extracted from a cross-sectional study in Jilin. Among individuals with hypertension, the standardized rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 44.9%, 36.5%, 24.3%, respectively. The rates of awareness and treatment of hypertension among middle aged patients were higher than those among young patients. Compared to patients with normal Body Mass index (BMI), obese hypertensive patients had a higher rate of treatment (43.7% vs. 25.9%) and a lower rate of control (18.9% vs. 29.6%). Compared to patients with normal BMI, patients who were obese were more likely to take measures to treat hypertension (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 2.05–3.05); but were less likely to have well-controlled blood pressure (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.40–0.78). BMI is one of the influencing factors of hypertension awareness, treatment and control among patients 18 to 59 years old with hypertension.

Background and objectivesFine particulate matter (PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) has multiple adverse effects on human health, especially on the respiratory and circulatory system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of PM2.5 on the mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases, and to explore the potential effect modification by sex, education and death location.MethodsWe collected daily mortality counts of Changchun (China) residents, daily meteorology and air pollution data, from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. We focused on the elderly (≥65 years old) population who died from non-accidental causes and circulatory diseases, and stratified them by sex, education, and death location. A generalized additive Poisson regression model (GAM) was used to analyse the impact of air pollutants on mortality. We fit single pollutant models to examine PM2.5 effects with different lag structures of single-day (distributed lag:lag0-lag3) and multi-day (moving average lag: lag01-lag03). To test the sensitivity of the model, a multi-pollutant model was established when the PM2.5 effect was strongest.ResultsIn the single pollutant models, an increment of PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 at lag0-3 was associated with a 0.385% (95% CI: 0.069% to 0.702%) increase in daily non-accidental mortality and a 0.442% (95% CI: 0.038% to 0.848%) increase in daily circulatory disease mortality. NO2 (lag1) and O3 (lag0, lag1, lag2, lag01,lag02, lag03) were associated with daily non-accidental death and NO2 (lag1, lag3, lag03) and O3 (lag0, lag1, lag01,lag02, lag03) were associated with daily circulatory disease mortality. In the co-pollutant models, the risk estimates for PM2.5 changed slightly. The excess mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases was higher for women, people with low education, and died outside hospital.ConclusionsWe found that short-term exposure to PM2.5 increased the mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases among the elderly in Changchun. Women, people with low education and died outside hospital are more susceptible to PM2.5. NO2 and O3 were also associated with an increase in mortality from non-accidental and circulatory diseases and the O3 is a high effect.

This study was performed to identify the association between smoking and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To perform this meta-analysis based on case-control and cohort studies, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the CNKI electronic databases were searched through April 30, 2017. Our meta-analysis included 27 studies, including 16 that reported odds ratios (ORs) and 11 that reported hazard ratios (HRs) or ratio risks. No significant association was found between smoking and AD among the studies that reported ORs (1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.812-1.281, I = 67.9%, random model, p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between different smoking statuses. The pooled HRs revealed a significant association between smoking and AD (HR = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.194-1.934, I = 83.6%, random model, p < 0.001). Cumulative meta-analysis of the HRs revealed that the effect of smoking on AD tended to be stable over time. Smoking may confer an increased risk of AD, and this effect has tended to be stable over time.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, as an add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that is inadequately controlled with metformin. Materials and Methods:In this 24-week, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III study, adult T2D patients with HbA1c levels ranging from 7.0% to 9.5% on stable metformin were enrolled and randomized (2:1) into the DBPR108 + metformin and placebo + metformin groups. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24 of DBPR108 versus placebo as an add-on therapy to metformin.Results: At week 24, the least-square mean (standard error) change from baseline in HbA1c was significantly greater in the DBPR108 group (À0.70% [0.09%]) than in the placebo group (À0.07% [0.11%]) (P < .001), with a treatment difference of À0.63% (95% confidence interval: À0.87%, À0.39%) on the full analysis set. A higher proportion of patients achieved an HbA1c of 6.5% or less (19.7% vs. 8.5%) and an HbA1c of 7.0% or less (50.0% vs. 21.1%) at week 24 in the DBPR108 + metformin group. Furthermore, add-on DBPR108 produced greater reductions from baseline in fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose without causing weight gain. The overall frequency of adverse events was similar between the two groups.Conclusions: DBPR108 as add-on therapy to metformin offered a significant improvement in glycaemic control, was superior to metformin monotherapy (placebo) and was safe and well-tolerated in patients with T2D that is inadequately controlled with metformin.