Room-temperature (RT) gas sensing is desirable for battery-powered or self-powered instrumentation that can monitor emissions associated with pollution and industrial processes. This review (with 171 references) discusses recent advances in three types of porous nanostructures that have shown remarkable potential for RT gas sensing. The first group comprises hierarchical oxide nanostructures (mainly oxides of Sn, Ni, Zn, W, In, La, Fe, Co). The second group comprises graphene and its derivatives (graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, and their composites with metal oxides and noble metals). The third group comprises 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (mainly sulfides of Mo, W, Sn, Ni, also in combination with metal oxides). They all have been found to enable RT sensing of gases such as NOx, NH, H, SO, CO, and of vapors such as of acetone, formaldehyde or methanol. Attractive features also include high selectivity and sensitivity, long-term stability and affordable costs. Strengths and limitations of these materials are highlighted, and prospects with respect to the development of new materials to overcome existing limitations are discussed. Graphical Abstract The review summarizes the most significant progresses related to room temperature gas sensing by using hierarchical oxide nanostructures, graphene and its derivatives and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, highlighting the peculiar gas sensing behavior with enhanced selectivity, sensitivity and long-term stability.

Rosuvastatin significantly reduced the risk of CI-AKI in patients with DM and CKD undergoing arterial contrast medium injection. (Rosuvastatin Prevent Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetes [TRACK-D]; NCT00786136).

Real-time and continuous monitoring of physiological signals is essential for mobile health, which is becoming a popular tool for efficient and convenient medical services. Here, an active pulse sensing system that can detect the weak vibration patterns of the human radial artery is constructed with a sandwich-structure piezoelectret that has high equivalent piezoelectricity. The high precision and stability of the system result in possible medical assessment applications, including the capability to identify common heart problems (such as arrhythmia); the feasibility to conduct pulse palpation measurements similar to well-trained doctors in Traditional Chinese Medicine; and the possibility to measure and read blood pressure.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803413.imitate the TCM practice for health assessments without well-trained, real doctors. Previously, human pulse waves have been measured using sensors based on different detection mechanisms, such as optics, [16,17] image processing, [15,18,19] acoustics, [20] and pressure means, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] etc. Among these, active pressure sensors based on the working principles of piezoelectricity [21][22][23][24] or triboelectricity [7,8] are the more intuitive and sensitive method to detect pulse waves, as these sensors can accurately and directly reflect the weak vibration of the radial artery to better imitate the pulse diagnosis in TCM. Several vertical contact-separation and single-electrode triboelectric pressure sensors have been published to detect human motion and physiological signals, with advantages of thin, flexible, and excellent sensitivity. [30] However, vertical contact-separation devices are composed of two separated parts, which increases the difficulty of assembly and operation in practice. Single-electrode triboelectric sensors have been proposed to address this issue but the exposed residual charges on the sensor surface can be easily leaked. Piezoelectret is flexible, lightweight, and have large and stable equivalent piezoelectric coefficient for high sensitivity. [25] Furthermore, sensors based on piezoelectret materials can alleviate the aforementioned issues in triboelectric sensors to detect physiological signals.In this work, we use an active and flexible pulse wave sensing system based on a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/Ecoflex/FEP sandwich-structured piezoelectret for piezoelectriclike detections. [25,26,31] Several key features are accomplished from the prototype sensing systems: 1) excellent precision and stability capable of differentiating and classifying pulses from different volunteers coupled with the help of big data analyses; 2) the identification of a common heart problem (arrhythmia) from volunteers who were previously diagnosed in hospitals equipped with advanced and bulky electrocardiogram (ECG) setups; 3) the feasibility in recording and revealing the blood pressure using the pulse sensing system instead of a ...