With the accelerated development of the global economy, environmental issues have gradually become prominent, which in turn hinders further high-quality economic development. As one of the important driving factors, cross-border flowing foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a vital role in promoting economic development, but has also caused environmental degradation in most host countries. Utilizing panel data for the G20 economies from 1996 to 2018, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of FDI inflows on carbon emissions, and further explore the influence channels through the moderating effects of economic development and regulatory quality. To produce more robust and accurate results in this study, the approach of the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) is utilized. Meanwhile, this study also specifies the heteroscedasticity and correlated errors due to the large differences and serial correlations among the G20 economies. The results indicate that FDI inflows are positively associated with carbon emissions, as well as both economic development and regulatory quality negatively contribute to the impacts of FDI inflows on carbon emissions. It implies that although FDI inflows tend to increase the emissions of carbon dioxide, they are more likely to mitigate carbon emissions in countries with higher levels of economic development and regulatory quality. Therefore, the findings are informative for policymakers to formulate effective policies to help mitigate carbon emissions and eliminate environmental degradation.

This study aims to examine the impacts of ownership and innovation on the sustainable development of micro and small enterprises (MSEs). Using the dataset from the 2015 China Micro and Small Enterprise Survey, this study divides the ownership of MSEs into state ownership, collective ownership, private ownership, and foreign ownership. In this study, the sustainable development of MSEs is measured by four sets of variables, sustainable operation, sustainable profitability from operations, sustainable profit input, and sustainable production or operation input. The Result suggests negative associations between the ownership of state-owned enterprises as well as collective-owned enterprises and MSEs’ sustainable development. Furthermore, public ownership also negatively contributes to MSEs’ sustainable development. Concerning the ownership of non-public-owned enterprises, while private ownership enables MSEs to develop sustainably, foreign ownership is not conducive to MSEs’ sustainable development. Besides, the result also indicates that innovation positively contributes to the sustainable development of MSEs. Moreover, this study offers implications for policymakers to take measures in promoting reform of mixed ownership as well as innovation to enhance MSEs’ sustainable development.

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