In this paper, a cost-benefit analysis based optimal planning model of battery energy storage system (BESS) in active distribution system (ADS) is established considering a new BESS operation strategy. Reliability improvement benefit of BESS is considered and a numerical calculation method based on expectation is proposed for simple and convenient calculation of system reliability improvement with BESS in planning phase. Decision variables include both configuration variables and operation strategy control variables. In order to prevent the interaction between two types of variables and enhance global search ability, intelligent single particle optimizer (ISPO) is adopted to optimize this model. Case studies on a modified IEEE benchmark system verified the performance of the proposed operation strategy and optimal planning model of BESS.

Up till now, the high penetration of intermittent distributed generation (DG) has posed great challenges to the planning and operation of the grid. To achieve the best balance between economic cost and acceptable capacity of DG, this paper proposes a new integrated planning method of the active distribution network while considering voltage control cost. Firstly, characteristics of decentralized and centralized voltage control methods were analyzed. The technical frameworks, voltage control strategies and economical models of different voltage control systems were put forward. Then, an integrated planning model with objectives to minimize the comprehensive cost and maximize clean energy utilization under the constraint of maintaining acceptable voltage was implemented. Simulations were conducted using the Multi-objective Differential Evolution Algorithm (MODE). IEEE 33-bus test systems were employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to connect larger distributed generators and decrease the economic cost of Distribution Network Operators while maintaining voltage within the statutory limits.

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In order to improve the connection rate and transmission efficiency of field network for power distribution grid, a dual-mode heterogeneous field network with high-speed power line broadband carrier and micro-power radio frequency wireless communication capabilities was designed. First, the topological structure of the field network, the networking process of the central node and the free nodes and the dynamic maintenance mechanism of the network were discussed in detail. Secondly, the routing measurement mechanism for creating a hybrid routing table and the improved layer limit shortest path routing algorithm were presented. On this basis, each node in the network could choose the optimal communication media at any given moment to create communication links with the adaptive data transfer speed according to the real-time hybrid routing table. Finally, the dual-mode heterogeneous field network was applied to the electricity consumption information collection system and tested in the laboratory and jobsite. The test results show that the dual-mode field network was more effective than the single-mode field network in shortening the reading meter time and increasing networking success rate.

Compared to electric vehicle (EV) charging mode, battery swapping mode can realize concentrated and orderly charging. Therefore battery swapping stations (BSS) can participate in the demand side management (DSM) as an integrated form. In this context, a new method to plan the capacity and location of BSS for EV, considering DSM, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the original charging power of BSS with the rule of "First-In First-Out", a bi-level optimal configuration model of BSS, in which net profit of BSS is maximized in the upper model and operating cost of Distribution Company is minimized in the lower model, is developed to decide the rated power, number of batteries, contract pricing and dispatched power of BSS for DSM. Then, the optimal locating model of BSS with the objective of minimizing network loss is built. A mesh adaptive direct search algorithm with YALMIP toolbox is applied to optimize the bi-level model. Simulation calculation was carried on IEEE-33 nodes distribution system and the results show that participating in DSM can improve the economic benefits of both BSS and distribution network and promote the consumption of distributed generation, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.