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Manipulation of cell-cell interactions via cell surface engineering has potential biomedical applications in tissue engineering and cell therapy. However, manipulation of the comprehensive and multiple intercellular interactions remains a challenge and missing elements. Herein, utilizing a DNA triangular prism (TP) and a branched polymer (BP) as functional modules, we fabricate tunable DNA scaffold networks on the cell surface. The responsiveness of cell-cell recognition, aggregation and dissociation could be modulated by aptamer-functionalized DNA scaffold networks with high accuracy and specificity. By regulating the DNA scaffold networks coated on the cell surface, controlled intercellular molecular transportation is achieved. Our tunable network provides a simple and extendible strategy which addresses a current need in cell surface engineering to precisely manipulate cell-cell interactions and shows promise as a general tool for controllable cell behavior.

Membrane vesicles derived from live cells show great potential in biological applications due to their preserved cell membrane properties. Here, we demonstrate that cell-derived giant membrane vesicles can be used as vectors to deliver multiple therapeutic drugs and carry out combinational phototherapy for targeted cancer treatment. We show that therapeutic drugs can be efficiently encapsulated into giant membrane vesicles and delivered to target cells by membrane fusion, resulting in synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapy under light irradiation. This study highlights biomimetic giant membrane vesicles for drug delivery with potential biomedical application in cancer therapeutics.