The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy rate of folate for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) and to explore how folate metabolism-related gene polymorphisms change its efficacy. This study also explored the effects of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on the efficacy of folate. A prospective cohort study enrolling HHcy patients was performed. The subjects were treated with oral folate (5 mg/d) for 90 d. We analysed the efficacy rate of folate for the treatment of HHcy by measuring homocysteine (Hcy) levels after treatment. Unconditioned logistic regression was conducted to analyse the association between SNP and the efficacy of folic acid therapy for HHcy. The efficacy rate of folate therapy for HHcy was 56·41 %. The MTHFR rs1801133 CT genotype, TT genotype and T allele; the MTHFR rs1801131 AC genotype, CC genotype and C allele; the MTRR rs1801394 GA genotype, GG genotype and G allele; and the MTRR rs162036 AG genotype and AG+GG genotypes were associated with the efficacy of folic acid therapy for HHcy (P<0·05). No association was seen between other SNP and the efficacy of folic acid. The optimal model of gene-gene interactions was a two-factor interaction model including rs1801133 and rs1801394. The optimal model of gene-environment interaction was a three-factor interaction model including history of hypertension, history of CHD and rs1801133. Folate supplementation can effectively decrease Hcy level. However, almost half of HHcy patients failed to reach the normal range. The efficacy of folate therapy may be genetically regulated.

More than 40% patients with HHcy failed to reach the normal range (5-15 μmol/L) after 3 months of folic acid supplementation. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore the reasons for failure.

The adequate data indicated that ADSC therapy recovered erectile function and regenerated cavernous structures in ED rats, and ADSCs modified by some growth and neurotrophic factors accelerated the recovery of erectile function and cavernous structures in ED rats.

Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease among aging males, but no reports have addressed the prevalence of BPH in Zhengzhou. Therefore, we aimed to understand the prevalence of BPH in men aged 40 years or older in Zhengzhou's rural areas through a cross-sectional study and analyzed the correlation with epidemiologic factors and the heritability of the disease. Materials and Methods:A multistage sampling method was used to randomly select male respondents in Zhengzhou's rural areas. Men who were 40 years of age or older and their first-degree relatives were subjected to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and related examinations. Heritability was calculated according to the prevalence of the first-degree relatives in the case and control groups.Results: The prevalence of BPH was 10.04%. Its prevalence increased with age, from 2.17% in men aged 40-44 years to 31.11% in men aged 80 years or older. The average volume of the prostate was 17.16 ± 7.96 mL, and the average IPSS was 5.89 ± 5.91. The analysis of the correlation between the associated risk factors and BPH revealed that prostatitis and a history of prostatic hyperplasia were significant factors. Obesity, smoking, drinking, diabetes, and hypertension were not correlated with BPH. Of the 94 first-degree relatives of the cases, 53 had BPH (56.38%); of the 106 first-degree relatives of the controls, five had BPH (4.72%). Heritability appeared to account for 40.48% of BPH cases.The heritability of incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, and nocturia was 43. 28, 71.37, 9.67, 5.67, 2.70, 53.36, and 19.12%, respectively. Conclusion:The total prevalence of BPH in men aged 40 years or older in Zhengzhou's rural areas was 10.04%, and the heritability of prostatic hyperplasia was 40.48%. K E Y W O R D Sbenign prostatic hyperplasia, heritability, LUTS, prevalence, rural

Oral folate is currently the most common treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which seriously threatens human health, but its efficacy is unsatisfactory. Betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a key enzyme that regulates Hcy metabolism. We investigated the association between the BHMT rs3733890 and the efficacy of oral folate therapy for HHcy in the Chinese Han population and analysed the effects of gene–environmental interactions on the efficacy. Blood samples were collected from 1071 eligible patients at baseline, and these individuals received subsequent folate treatment for 90 days. A total of 638 patients included in the final analysis were grouped into the treatment success group or the treatment failure group based on posttreatment Hcy levels. Hcy concentrations were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MassArray system) was used to assess the genotype of BHMT rs3733890. Stratified analyses based on additive models and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction were used to explore gene–environmental interactions. The genotype distribution presented distinct differences in the two groups. The mutant genotype and allele had significantly increased risk of treatment failure (p < 0.05). Furthermore, synergistic effects of the BHMT rs3733890 polymorphism with environmental risk factors (smoking, drinking, past history) on the efficacy of therapy were also found. However, future, large well‐designed studies, as well as mechanistic studies, are still needed to validate our findings.