Congenital heart defects (CHD) are cardiovascular malformations that generally occur due to aberrant development of a normal structure in the fetus, or failure of such a structure to progress beyond an early stage of embryonic or fetal development. Malformations are due to complex multi-factorial genetic and environmental causes. Congenital heart defects, in a definition proposed by Mitchell et al, is a gross structural abnormality of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that are actually or potentially of functional significance. A comprehensive approach to every aspect of CHD, covering from embryology, fetal malformations, pathology, clinical approach, investigations, interventions to the surgery is very essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality in children with CHD.

Case seriesPatient: —Final Diagnosis: Coronary anamoliesSymptoms: Chest painMedication: None Clinical Procedure: PTCA with stent/CABGSpecialty: CardiologyObjective:Challenging differential diagnosisBackground:Coronary artery anomalies are rare, accounting for about 0.3–1.3% of patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. Interventions in these cases are still rare, and therefore pose technical challenges during intervention. CT Angiography provides a non-invasive means of assessment of coronary artery disease and also shows the anatomy of the coronary tree. This helps in knowing the origin of the coronaries and also to plan selection of hardware. There are no specific guidelines for use of guiding catheters and guide wires in anomalous coronary artery intervention.Case Report:We report a series of 5 patients presenting with effort angina who had anomalous coronary arteries with coronary stenosis diagnosed by CT angiography. Three patients received percutaneous intervention, 1 patient underwent CABG, and 1 patient received medical management.Conclusions:CT Angiography provides a useful tool for showing the coronary anatomy and for selecting the guiding catheter and the guide wire that remain the mainstay of interventions in coronary artery anomalies.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one of the common congenital cardiovascular diseases. CoA can be diagnosed over a wide range of ages, with varying degrees of severity, and in various presentations. The most common presenting age of CoA is 3 - 6 months with only a small proportion of adolescents and adults diagnosed with primary aortic coarctation of the aorta. Intracranial aneurysms that undergo spontaneous rupture causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are rare in young patients with CoA. We report a 22-year-old young female successfully underwent right pterional craniotomy, clipping of aneurysm and balloon dilatation of coarctation of the aorta.

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