Clays are used in the general production of earthen tiles. In this study, the production and characterization of earthen tiles from schist, a clayey rock formed by metamorphism of mudstone or shale, was investigated. The impact of tiles on atmospheric temperature through their absorption of the visible, near-infrared and far-infrared wavelength regions is evaluated. In particular, the absorption of ultraviolet and infrared radiation by the tiles was evaluated, as this could have beneficial applications for human health and the environment. UV-A radiation (320–400 nm) is not absorbed by the atmosphere, but schist materials absorb UV-A, which can contribute to melanoma formation (i.e. cancer). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction were used for the analysis of the schist materials. The tile-production stages of schist materials (drying, firing, water absorption rate, etc.) were tested at Hatipoglu Gunes Tile and Brick Industry, Inc. (Turkey). The tiles fired at 950°C and 1000°C comply with the industry standard compressive strength values for fired tiles (when converted to industry production conditions) and were 156.15 and 123.20 kg cm–2, respectively.

The search for sufficiently high-quality clays for use in the tile industry represents a significant challenge. This study aimed to prepare Muttalip green clay tiles with flexural strengths adhering to the TS EN 1304:2016 standard. Muttalip green clay was subjected to sieving, vacuum pressed, dried and then baked to obtain galette tiles. The tiles were analysed subsequently using optical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The influence of various firing temperatures (900, 950 and 1000°C) on the flexural strength of the tiles was also investigated. The tiles obtained at 950°C exhibited a maximum flexural strength of 153.91 kg cm–2. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the tiles reflect ultraviolet A radiation and absorb infrared radiation. Muttalip green clay is a suitable material for preparing tiles for roofing applications.

Worldwide, organic anti-reflective (AR) coated glasses constitute one of the largest areas in the industrial market. In our study, the analysis of the stages of anti-reflective glasses produced in our country and offered to eyeglass wearers was examined. Among the anti-reflective coating stages, the characterizations of hard coating, single surface and double surface coated glasses were investigated. High resolution Scanning Electron Microscope device (FESEM) was taken for the surface quality of the AR coatings of glasses, and absorption-transmittance measurements were taken for the optical quality of the glasses. The structure of the glass was analyzed with the X-ray diffraction device (XRD). Maximum light transmittance reaches 98.54% at 464 nm in double-sided AR coated glasses. Our study with the analysis of eyeglasses, which often have an important place in health and commercial areas in our country and in the world, will constitute an important reference for the manufacturer and consumer and will contribute to further studies.

The error of refraction is a very common eye disorder. Untreated vision problems put a lot of burden on the global economy annually. One of the most important parameters in the correct treatment of visual defects is the correct assembly of the focal point of the glass. The study was carried out to reveal the decentration differences and the analysis of prism formation after glass assembly according to the prescriptions of 150 customers who came to an optical shop in Eskisehir on Saturdays, 2015-2016. A digital lensmeter was used for the measurement of glasses, and a digital and photographic pupilmeter was used to measure pupillary distances. Chi-square test was used in the frequency study, and differences in glass numbers were used the Marginal Homogeneity Test was used in the analysis of the accuracy of the data. Glass assemblies without decentration were achieved at a rate of 94.66% in distance glasses and 93.33 % in near glasses. When the errors made in applied physics are analyzed, the amount of decentration in the assembly of the glasses that are frequently used in daily life draws attention. In this case, it caused unwanted prism formation.

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