Objective:To investigate the role of Intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB), in preventing vitreo-retinal complications in patients of Eale’s Disease (ED).Methods:This randomized control trial was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from May 2015 to December 2016. A total of 52 eyes of 26 patients, diagnosed with stage I or II of ED were randomly divided in two groups. Group A received monthly injections of IVB for 3 months, with steroids and laser photocoagulation. Group B received only steroids and laser treatment. Patients were followed for three months, and were analyzed for different clinical parameters.Results:Mean age of study population was 28.5±2.64 years. Difference in frequency of patients requiring PPV and showing regression in neovascularization was statistically significant between both groups (p=0.005 for both). However, difference in frequency of patients showing progression in stage of ED, regression of vasculitis and best corrected visual acuity at 12 weeks between two groups was not statistically significant (p= 0.012, 0.579, 0.046 respectively).Conclusion:Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection, given monthly in patients of ED results in significantly more regression in neovascularization, and less requirement for PPV, as compared to those receiving standard steroids and laser photocoagulation treatment.

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> COVID-19 disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) having a wide variety of clinical features ranging from asymptomatic carriers to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The objective of the study was to analyze the spectrum of different symptoms, laboratory findings and complications in patients who were admitted in either COVID ward or intensive care unit (ICU) of a local hospital.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective cohort study of the medical records of 100 COVID-19 disease patients with PCR detected SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected. Participant information was retrospectively obtained from the hospital medical records which included clinical records and laboratory findings. All statistical analyses were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patients was 50.8 &plusmn;5.86 with male predominance (79%). Most frequent co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus (42%) and hypertension (36%). Most frequent symptoms were fever (95.9%) and fatigue (95.9%) followed by dry cough (86.5%), myalgia (85.1) and shortness of breath (70%). Amongst the patients admitted, leukocyte count was 10.95 x 10³, C-reactive protein (CRP) was 12.8mg/dl, ferritin was 730.8ng/ml and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) was found to be 1254.7 U/l. Hepatic and renal functions were borderline deranged.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> COVID-19 disease has a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. Patients with raised inflammatory markers have severe disease and are more likely in need of an ICU care. By carefully observing these markers may help in better management of COVID-19 disease.</p>

The current study examines the mental health of patients diagnosed with Covid 19. Descriptive research design was used in this study. Data of 100 patients was collected from Lahore General Hospital through convenient sampling. Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to find out mental health of patients in domains of anxiety and depression. According to the findings, mostly patients reported moderate level of anxiety and depression. Results also showed that females experience more depression and anxiety as compared to males. It was also seen that patients living in nuclear family systems show more anxiety as compared to those who live in joint family system. Furthermore, age was positively while family income negatively related with anxiety and depression. These findings can be helpful to highlight importance of need of mental health services to reduce psychological impact of this outbreak

Objective: To determine the frequency of Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, (COPD). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Husan Ara Unit, Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore. Period: July 2017 to January 2018. Material & Methods: One hundred fifty patients with COPD meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated in each patient. Bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated via Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Osteoporosis was labeled when value for BMD was found < –2.5 SD below the mean for young adults (T-score). Results: The mean age was 56.54+ 8.04 year. The majority (90.7%) of the patients were male and fourteen (9.3%) patients were female. The mean T-score was -2.07+ 0.76 SD. Twenty-two (14.7%) patients had BMD score within normal range, out of which nineteen were males and three were females. Fifty-seven (38.0%) patients were found to have osteopenia of which fifty-four were males and three were females. Seventy-one (47.3%) patients had osteoporosis with sixty-three males and eight females. Conclusion: Majority of the patients with COPD who had osteopenia and osteoporosis correlated with COPD severity stages and were males above 50 year age. The male preponderance highlights towards the increased incidence of smoking amongst them and perhaps the male oriented society in Pakistani culture.

Objective:  Cerebral venous thrombosis is a common neurological disease. It has been treated so far with Warfarin that needs continuous monitoring of PT (prothrombin time) and INR (International Normalization Ratio) with potential complications due to this problem. Newer oral anticoagulants have been recommended for other thromboembolic events like pulmonary embolism and can be a good alternative treatment of CVT. We determined the effectiveness of new oral anticoagulant Rivaroxaban in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. Material and Methods:  The study was conducted in the indoor department of Neurology, Punjab Institute of neurosciences for 1year. Magnetic cerebral venography (MRV) Brain was done at the start of Rivaroxaban, at 3 months and at 6 months where needed. The bias effect was removed by getting MRV done and reported from the same department. Results:  A total of 18 patients were enrolled in the study. One patient was lost to followup. Mean age of our patient data was 28.66 ± 6.66. 16 (88%) patients were females and 2 (11%) were males. 9 patients (50%) had clinical and radiological recovery based on MRV brain at 3 months.7 patients (38%) had recovery based on clinical and radiological parameters at 6 months. Only 1 patient had partial recanalization but that also improved clinically. Conclusion:  Rivaroxabancan is a very effective alternative for warfarin in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis which will avoid concerns commonly encountered with warfarin.