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This research work intends to analyze the association between real earnings manipulation and stock price crash. Further, we also analyze the spillover outcome of the crash as a result of applying real earnings management. It is hypothesized that there is a positive and statistically significant association between real activities manipulation and crash risk. It is also assumed that this spillover outcome is more noticeable during uncertainty. By applying data of family firms for the time period 2005–2018, empirical results provide the proof that real manipulation has a significant impact on stock crash for a developing economy like Pakistan among family-based companies. This research work also gives a statistical insight that spillover outcome is more notable for firms facing uncertainty. Our statistical estimations are in support of the assumed hypotheses of the study. This study has very significant and practical implications for academic researchers, standard setters, and investors.

According to grounded social exchange theory, this study examines ethical leadership's direct and indirect impact on worker’s creative performance. More specifically, this study will also investigate the intervening mediate roles of work engagement and employee’s attitudes towards performing well between Ethical leadership and Creative work performance. The study data was obtained through self-reporting survey questionnaires distributed to employees of construction organizations in Lahore, Pakistan. The findings supported that Ethical leadership directly relates to creative work performance. Furthermore, work engagement and attitude toward performing well positively relate to ethical leadership and creative work performance. The findings broaden our understanding of how factors such as a positive attitude, psychological states, and engagement at work may produce the worker’s performance and increase their potential for creative intellectual in implementing novel ideas at the workplace.

This research work examines the effect of uncertainty on information asymmetry moderated by conservative financial reporting Asymmetric information (spread), whereas uncertainty is calculated using a measure of the environmental scanning method. This method divides the sample into ‘inert’ and ‘alert’. ‘Inert’ firms are not scanning the environment, and ‘alert’ for firms who are constantly engaged in observing and scanning their environment while the coefficient of variation in sales is applied for robustness check of environmental uncertainty. A proxy developed by Khan and Watts is applied for accounting conservatism. The sample size of this research is taken from firms registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange while the time period of study is 2010 to 2021. The statistical output reinforces the hypothesis of the study. The statistical results are evidence that conservative financial reporting may be helpful to reduce asymmetric information during uncertainty. Empirical estimations provide implications for all stakeholders e.g. investors, regulatory authorities, and researchers.