Summary The energy crisis has reached to an alarming situation due to increase in population. To overcome the shortfall of energy, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) being cheap, clean, and efficient renewable energy source is getting attention for electricity generation. Out of the three main components as anode, electrolyte, and cathode; anode/fuel electrode is an important component of SOFC because it allows the flow of electrons via external circuit to cathode generating the electric current and hence requires high electrical conductivity. In this review, anode materials synthesized until now are reviewed and by careful analysis categorized on the basis of operating temperature, conductivity, electrode polarization resistance, and structure. This comparison and categorization will provide selection criteria for state‐of‐the‐art and highly efficient anode materials for SOFC. In addition, the synthesis methods have been reviewed on the basis of their pros and cons, which will further facilitate the researchers to select the best synthesis method so as to get optimized properties of materials.

Multi-soliton solutions of the Gardner equation (GE) have been obtained using the Hirota’s bilinear formalism and, to the best of our knowledge, have been studied in the context of plasmas for the first time. The results have been used to study the electrostatic waves on the ion time scale in a two-electron temperature (TET) kappa distributed plasma in the light of the data obtained from Saturn’s Magnetosphere. The most important result that has come out of the investigation of multi-soliton solution of GE is that both overtaking and head on interactions may occur owing to the simultaneous presence of quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in the GE. The plasma parameters of the system have been found to influence the spatial scale of interaction. The results of kappa distributed plasma have been compared with the Maxwellian case and the key differences with regard to the parametric regimes for the existence of ion acoustic Gardner solitons and the soliton interaction for the two cases have also been explored in detail.

Nonlinear propagation of electrostatic waves with cubic nonlinearity has been investigated in a multicomponent dusty plasma with inertial ions, superthermal two temperature electrons and stationary dust. In this regard, single and multi-soliton solutions of modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation for dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) have been investigated implementing Hirotaís bilinear method. Plasma parameters affecting the amplitude of dust ion acoustic (DIA) mKdV single soliton have been thoroughly investigated based on the data from Saturn's magnetosphere. The overtaking interaction of two mKdV solitons has been investigated by changing the percentage of propagation vectors to observe bipolar structure reducing to a single humped structure for a particular value of the ratio of propagation vectors. The most significant outcome of this study has been the investigation of interaction of a compressive and rarefactive dust ion acoustic soliton forming a peculiar composite shape at the interaction point.