Objectives: To identify the frequency of common birthmarks presenting inoutpatients department of dermatology until and to increase awareness among doctor aboutthe common phenomena. Patients and Study Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: OPDof Dermatology department of Dow University Hospital. Period: January 2014 till October 2014.Methods:During a year, by using non-probability convenient sampling only 100 patients of bothgenders were enrolled in the study after ensuring inclusion, exclusion criteria. Complete historywas recorded and a thorough general physical and cutaneous examination was performed.Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. DataAnalysis was carried out on SPSS statistics software. Results: Out of 100 patients, 43% weremales and 57% were females. In 69.6% patients, the birthmarks were noticed around time ofdelivery, 28.3% patients were noticed within 1st year of life and 2.2% later in 5 year. Pigmentedbirthmarks were identified in 65.2% patients while 34.8 % have vascular birthmarks.71.1% hadno changes in color during life span. While 37.8% had 1-3 cms birthmark and 45.7% havereported an increase in birthmark. Conclusions: We found birthmarks benign; they may growwith age but they do not need treatment unless there is concern either cosmetically or they havepain and discharge.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of acute and chronic radio dermatitis inpatients treated for various malignancies, via ionizing radiation. Study Design: Cross-sectionalstudy. Setting: This multi-center, Outpatient Department of Dermatology Al-Tibri Medical College& Hospital Isra University Karachi campus, Departments of Dermatology and Oncology DowUniversity Hospital and Civil Hospital Karachi. Period: June 2015 till December 2016. Methods:Patients belonging to both genders and all age groups, fulfilling the inclusion criteria wereincluded in the study. Selected patients underwent a detailed history and physical examination.Clinical diagnosis of radiation-induced dermatitis was made and relevant investigations wereperformed where needed. All findings were recorded, tabulated and analyzed. Results: Thesample consisted of a 150 patients (35.3% male and 64.6% female). Minimum age was 11years and maximum age was 82 years. Mean age was 46.4 with a SD of 14.5. All patients hadreceived external beam radiation. Radiodermatitis was identified in 65 patients out of whichacute radiodermatitis was encountered in 32.66% (of which 63.26% were male and 36.73%were female) while chronic radiodermatitis was found in 10.66% (of which 18.75% were maleand 81.25% were female). Pigmentation, epilation and erythema were the most commonmanifestations while fibrosis and necrosis were least encountered manifestations. Conclusion:A number of patients develop acute or chronic radiodermatitis with or without associated variablecutaneous manifestations. Theseside effects of ionizing radiation significantly affect patient’squality of life, also disturbs the treatment schedule. In the present study acute radiodermatitiswas found to be more prevalent than chronic radiodermatitis. However, further research isnecessary in order to effectively prevent, manage and reduce such complications.

ABSTRACT…Objectives:To identify the frequency of common birthmarks presenting in outpatients department of dermatology until and to increase awareness among doctor about the common phenomena. Patients and Study Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: OPD of Dermatology department of Dow University Hospital. Period: January 2014 till October 2014. Methods:During a year, by using non-probability convenient sampling only 100 patients of both genders were enrolled in the study after ensuring inclusion, exclusion criteria. Complete history was recorded and a thorough general physical and cutaneous examination was performed. Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data Analysis was carried out on SPSS statistics software. Results: Out of 100 patients, 43% were males and 57% were females. In 69.6% patients, the birthmarks were noticed around time of delivery, 28.3% patients were noticed within 1st year of life and 2.2% later in 5 year. Pigmented birthmarks were identified in 65.2% patients while 34.8 % have vascular birthmarks.71.1% had no changes in color during life span. While 37.8% had 1-3 cms birthmark and 45.7% have reported an increase in birthmark. Conclusions: We found birthmarks benign; they may grow with age but they do not need treatment unless there is concern either cosmetically or they have pain and discharge.

To assess the frequency of acute and chronic radio dermatitis in patients treated for various malignancies, via ionizing radiation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.